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Academician | Professor Suresh Bhargava | Global Indian
Global IndianstoryFrom Meerut to Melbourne: Professor Suresh Kumar Bhargava is creating a new league of scientists
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From Meerut to Melbourne: Professor Suresh Kumar Bhargava is creating a new league of scientists

Written by: Namrata Srivastava

(July 15, 2022) Oblivious to his nomination, Professor Suresh Bhargava was sitting in his office when he received a letter informing him that he was being conferred with the Queen’s Birthday 2022 honour – Member of the Order of Australia (AM). Though his initial reaction was that of surprise, the academician also felt extremely excited to be honoured by the Queen. “I have received numerous awards for my scientific research. However, this one was for my contribution to the betterment of my community,” shares Professor Bhargava, as he connects over a call from Melbourne. “It is incredible when people recognise your contributions that created a positive difference. I was thrilled that my adopted country valued my three decades of hard work.”

Academician | Professor Suresh Bhargava | Global Indian

Professor Suresh Bhargava was conferred with the Queen’s Birthday 2022 honour – Member of the Order of Australia (AM)

A professor at esteemed Universities in six countries, the academician is a winner of several awards, including the most prestigious award in engineering, the ‘CHEMECA medal’. “I am happy and honoured that I can train the next generation of scientists,” shares the professor, as he talks about his 30 years in academia with Global Indian.

Academically inclined

Hailing from Meerut in Uttar Pradesh, Professor Bhargava’s father worked as a station master in the Indian Railways. Growing up in a middle-class family, the young academician was keen to do better at studies. “I was a bright student and my teachers encouraged me a lot. It was one of my school teachers who first introduced me to Chemistry,” share the academician.

Having discovered the world of elements and chemicals at an early age, Professor Bhargava was completely fascinated by Chemistry’s contribution to everyday life of an average man. “I realised that almost everything around us is somehow related to Chemistry. When we are very happy or sad, we tend to cry – which is nothing but a chemical reaction. Similarly, when we are stressed, it is again a chemical reaction in the brain. I am a scientist now and know much more than what I did as a young student – but Chemistry still fascinates me,” he smiles.

Academician | Professor Suresh Bhargava | Global Indian

The sudden death of his father due to an accident left the family shattered. Still pursuing his master’s, the idea of leaving his studies and taking up a full-time job did cross his mind. But it was his teachers who convinced his mother to let him carry on with his studies. “They took care of all the expenses,” shares the academician, who topped his university that year.

Road to the UK

Upon finishing his master’s, he became a lecturer at the young age of 19. Interestingly though, the esteemed academician of today had other ambitions as a young man. “When I was a kid, I dreamt of becoming a pilot someday. I cleared the Services Selection Board (SSB) examination to join the Indian Air Force. However, my family believed that I should not join the armed forces, and so I didn’t go,” he reminisces.

As he started taking classes, he realised that most of his students were his age. “So rather than becoming their teacher, I decided to teach them as a friend. And I was a very popular professor,” he laughs. However, his destiny was yet to reveal some interesting plans.

Academician | Professor Suresh Bhargava | Global Indian

Professor Bhargava being conferred with NRI of the Year award, 2017

Recalling one of the happiest moments of his life, Professor Bhargava says, “It was on May 15, 1979, when I received a letter from the British Council announcing that my application to do a PhD in the UK had been approved.” The British Council offered to place him under a very esteemed English scientist and former president of the Royal Society of Chemistry, Professor Eddie Abel, and pay him a handsome salary. “It felt like all my prayers were answered,” shares the academician, who started his PhD programme at the University of Exeter the same year.

While most people take five years to finish their PhD, he finished his research work in just three years. “Professor Abel was very impressed with my work, which was published in various scientific journals. When it was time for me to leave for India, he asked me to stay back. However, I had a contract with the University Grant Commission, and I had to return,” shares the professor.

Land Down Under

Although he returned to India and rejoined his university, he knew he was meant for greater things. “My university management also encouraged me and I left for the UK again. My mentor spoke to his peers at the Australian National University and that is how I landed in Canberra in 1983,” shares the chemistry scientist.

Australia became his new home. With ground-breaking research work and 500 authored/co-authored journal articles, he made a splash in the new country. His research and scientific insights not just aided the big companies, but even helped governments solve many issues. In 1990, he joined the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) and established the Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), a state-of-the-art research centre.

Academician | Professor Suresh Bhargava | Global Indian

Professor Bhargava with S Jaishankar, Minister of External Affairs of India

For his research, Professor Bhargava holds 12 patents, including one for gold-based metallodrug for cancer treatment. “When my mother was very ill, she only took ayurvedic medicines. One of her medicines was swarna bhasma, which is gold ash. That got me thinking about how metals affect the human body, and I started my research on how gold can be used as a medicine. We found that gold was about 200 percent better for cancer treatment than the drugs which are currently used. I am still working on the research to develop the medicine,” he explains.

Living by the principle that his research should contribute to enhancing the environment, the professor also developed a nanotechnology mercury sensor to monitor the toxic smoke emission from refineries for industrial use.

In a career spanning over 30 years, Professor Bhargava has supervised more than 60 PhDs. His teaching methods don’t just help his students excel in academics, but also make them industry-ready. A living bridge between India and Australia, the professor was conferred the PC Ray Chair by the Indian National Science Academy in 2014. He recently developed an award-winning PhD programme that connects laboratories of the Indian Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) with RMIT, giving the PhD scholars in India a platform for high-quality research.

Academician | Professor Suresh Bhargava | Global Indian

Professor Bhargava with the molecular engineering group at RMIT

“A career in academics gives you a unique platform. You meet new students every year, but at the same time, it gives you a chance to work on many research works. As a professor, I have always tried to teach my students how they can become innovators and use their research to better the lives of people and the planet itself,” shares the professor, adding, “In Indian philosophy, we use the term guru for someone who helps his disciples with all-round development. I am aiming to be a guru for my students.”

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  • Academician
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Published on 15, Jul 2022

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Refiberd: How Sarika Bajaj and Tushita Gupta use AI to tackle the textile recycling problem

(June 25, 2024) Have you ever wondered where old clothes and waste generated by textile factories end up? Usually in landfills. And there's a lot of it. In 2023, the fashion industry produced 97 million tons of waste. Of this, 18 million were leftover textiles, 2.5 million were chemical waste and 3 million tonnes were discarded packaging materials. And in the world of fast fashion, big fashion houses simply end up throwing away leftover stock, like the infamous clothing dump in Atacama, Chile. So why does textile waste end up in landfills? Mainly because the complexity of the materials used in modern clothing makes it very difficult to recycle. Garments are usually made from blends of natural and synthetic fibers, like cotton mixed with polyester, and while different fibres require different treatments and recycling methods, they are difficult to separate from each other. As consumers look for clothes that are 'organic' and 'vegan' and 'sustainable', companies have responded with greenwashing - you might think you're wearing 'organic' cotton, but chances are it's a blend, and has been dyed with chemical substances that come at a great environment cost. The Refiberd story However, textile recycling has made several strides in the

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extile recycling has made several strides in the last decade, with growing consumer awareness, increased regulatory pressures and technology. Consumers are now demanding sustainable products over fast fashion, and want to know if everything that goes into making an item of clothing has been ethically sourced. Now, bigger brands are adopting recycling initiatives and even taking back old clothes for recycling. Leading the way on the tech front, however, is Refiberd, co-founded by Tushita Gupta and Sarika Bajaj.

[caption id="attachment_52623" align="aligncenter" width="437"]Sarika Bajaj | Tushita Gupta | Refiberd | Global Indian Sarika Bajaj, CEO and co-founder, Refiberd[/caption]

The California-based company was founded back in 2020, when they were around 24 years old. Their aim is to use AI and cutting edge tech to identify what types of materials are in any given textile item. This is crucial to the recycling process, and also one of the biggest challenges, especially in chemical recycling. "This seems to be a real problem. Accurately sorting textiles is the main gap that everyone's seeing in the industry," Sarika said in an interview. In 2023, Gupta was named one of the 100 Most Influential People in AI by TIME Magazine.

"My co-founder, Tushita and I met in college at Carnegie Mellon where we both majored in electrical engineering," said the Global Indian. "During my first internship, at Intel, I was introduced to electronic textiles. I was on Intel's experimental fashion team." There, she learned that textiles involve deep engineering. For the next five years, she got involved in textiles, learning about everything from production to sustainability. It even pushed Bajaj to get a second graduate degree at CMU in Technology Ventures. The curriculum taught Bajaj how to build a startup. "For my master's thesis, I explored the crux of  the problem of textile waste, which is how to sort textiles for proper recycling. I realised that the solution involved a very specific sensor processing program which uses AI."

Experimenting with AI

Meanwhile, Tushita, arrived at Carnegie Mellon in 2014, and graduated with a Bachelor's in Science in Electrical and Computer Engineering with a double major in Biomedical engineering. She stayed on to do her master's and her senior capstone project was related tot he trash sorting problem. "We had worked together in different capacities for six years and developed a deep amount of trust." They had also seen the massive environmental impact the fashion industry has had for years. They learned about textiles piling up in Ghana or the Atacama Desert. "So it just seemed inevitable that we would put our heads together to solve this big problem.. here was such a massive need, and as technologists, we could provide a solution. That's how Refiberd got started," Sarika says.

Tushita's interests, however, lay primarily in AI before she became involved with textiles. As an undergrad, she developed a Webcam Based Eye Tracker, using Python, OpenCV and calculus. It allows the user to move the mouse and type using just their eyes. Her project was showcased in a class over 100 students. In 2016, at the MHacks IV hackathon, Gupta and her team constructed an android app using Machine Learning and NLP to predict a user's mood through social media usage. She also developed Experia, which provides immersive Virtual Reality with visual and audio feedback, using the Google Cardboard, heat pads, fans, vibration motors and earphones.

[caption id="attachment_52624" align="aligncenter" width="529"]Sarika Bajaj | Tushita Gupta | Refiberd | Global Indian Tushita Gupta, CTO and co-founder, Refiberd[/caption]

Tackling the textile recycling problem

Refiberd's first task was to test the equipment, build the neural networks and assemble a sample library that contains over 10,000 entries. This involved charting all the companies in the fashion and textile industry to understand what they were trying to solve. They found that the biggest gap was in recycling that nobody seemed to be addressing. "We worked very hard with manufacturers to obtain textile samples, said Bajaj. However, even that is just a drop in the ocean, and 10,000 samples are nowhere close to enough to cover the full range of possible permutation and combinations in making textiles. "Other fields use intelligent material detection, but applying it to textiles is a huge opportunity," Tushita said in an interview. "No scaled solutions exist for textile waste detection for recycling because it's such a hard problem."

Around 15 years ago, Sarika explains, recycling companies began using chemical reagents to recycle textiles. "But when you're dealing with chemical recycling and any chemical reagent, you need to make sure that whatever material (metal, nylon, spandex) you're inputting into that chemical is not going to react to it." This was the missing piece in the puzzle - the analysis of textile waste to understand its exact composition before the recycling process. "Unlike other types of waste, like plastics, you can't simply look at a textile and understand what it's made of. You have to actually know all of its components with a high degree of specificity. That's where it becomes a very interesting sensor detection problem and an AI problem," Sarika says.

Gupta, who is leading the charge with the company's AI efforts, says the system involves a conveyor belt with a hyperspectral camera. The camera's inbuilt AI tech identifies different fibres based on how they absorb or reflect light. Each material has a unique signature, which AI can recognize and process to discern fabric compositions and group similar materials to ease the recycling process. This leaves them with a huge dataset, which the AI can interpret to tell them exactly what is in the piece of textile being analysed. "Our system can even tell us where a certain type of material - for example, a spandex band – is located within a particular item."

Who are their customers?

Refiberd's system, Sarika explains, can be installed into existing textile recycling systems to ensure that materials are isolated and sorted. Their main target audience are the large companies that sort clothes for resale, like the Goodwill. "They spend a lot of effort in sorting and only twenty percent of what they get can actually be resold," Sarika says. Then there are the major textile recyclers, and the big textile brands, like H&M, which are leading the way to make the fashion industry more sustainable.

[caption id="attachment_52625" align="aligncenter" width="693"]Sarika Bajaj | Tushita Gupta | Refiberd | Global Indian The clothing dump for fast fashion in the Atacama Desert, Chile[/caption]

The textile recycling industry is evolving rapidly, driven by increased consumer awareness and regulatory pressures. However, significant challenges remain, such as the complexity of recycling blended fabrics and the prevalence of greenwashing in fashion. Companies like Refiberd are making strides with innovative AI technology to better sort and recycle textiles. Despite advancements, the industry still needs improved infrastructure and transparency to effectively tackle textile waste. As the fashion industry moves towards sustainability, continuous innovation and consumer education are crucial for meaningful progress in reducing textile waste and its environmental impact.

Learn more about Refiberd on the company website.

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Nandan Nilekani: From Infosys to Aadhaar and UPI, the visionary behind India’s digital revolution

(November 24, 2024) In 1981, with $250 in seed capital, Nandan Nilekani joined six others around a borrowed table to launch a company. Over the years, Infosys became India’s first globally recognized IT giant, symbolizing the country’s emergence as a global technology leader. For Nilekani, however, Infosys was just the beginning. From leading Aadhaar, the world’s largest biometric identity program, to driving digital initiatives like UPI and India Stack, the Global Indian has been instrumental in transforming India’s infrastructure. His work spans education, through EkStep; artificial intelligence, with Adbhut India;  to addressing systemic challenges in water, urban governance, and inclusion. Nandan and Rohini Nilekani are also among India’s top philanthropists, and have pledged half their wealth to the Giving Pledge. Recently, Nilekani was featured in TIME’s 100 Top Voices in AI 2024. Infosys: Making India a global IT leader Founded in 1981, Infosys came into being at a time when the idea of a globally competitive Indian technology company was almost unimaginable. Co-founded by Nandan Nilekani, N.R. Narayana Murthy, and five others, the company began in a small Pune apartment with just $250 in seed funding. The challenges of launching a software services firm in India’s tightly regulated economy were

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the idea of a globally competitive Indian technology company was almost unimaginable. Co-founded by Nandan Nilekani, N.R. Narayana Murthy, and five others, the company began in a small Pune apartment with just $250 in seed funding. The challenges of launching a software services firm in India’s tightly regulated economy were immense, requiring innovation, persistence, and a long-term vision.

In those early years, Nilekani’s ability to build relationships was critical. He secured Infosys’ first significant international contract with Data Basics Corporation in the United States in 1983, a deal that marked the company’s entry into the global market. “That deal wasn’t just a win for Infosys—it was proof that Indian companies could deliver world-class solutions,” Nilekani later said.

Infosys set itself apart with its emphasis on ethics and transparency. The company introduced employee stock ownership plans, fostering loyalty and aligning employee interests with its success. In an era when corporate governance in India was opaque, Infosys became a model for accountability and professionalism.

The company’s transformative moment came in 1999 when it became the first Indian firm to list on NASDAQ. This event brought global recognition to Infosys and marked India’s arrival on the international technology stage. “NASDAQ wasn’t just about raising capital,” Nilekani remarked. “It was about demonstrating that Indian companies could thrive on the global stage.”

[caption id="attachment_60565" align="aligncenter" width="722"]Nandan Nilekani | Infosys | Global Indian The co-founders of Infosys[/caption]

Nilekani became Infosys’ CEO in 2002, leading the company through a period of rapid expansion. Under his leadership, Infosys’ revenues grew from $500 million to $3 billion by 2007, and its workforce expanded to over 70,000. Nilekani emphasized scalability and adaptability, ensuring that Infosys could navigate the rapidly evolving global technology landscape.

In 2009, Nilekani left Infosys to take on a new challenge: Aadhaar. However, his association with the company didn’t end there. In 2017, during a leadership crisis, he returned as non-executive chairman, stabilizing the company and reaffirming its founding principles.

Aadhaar: Redefining Governance at Scale

In 2009, Nilekani was appointed chairman of the Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI), tasked with creating Aadhaar, a biometric identity system designed to provide every Indian with a unique ID. At the time, millions of Indians lacked formal identity documents, barring them from accessing essential services such as banking, healthcare, and welfare programs. Aadhaar aimed to bridge this gap by using cutting-edge biometric technology.

Aadhaar combined fingerprints, iris scans, and demographic data to assign a unique 12-digit number to each individual. Nilekani envisioned Aadhaar as more than just an identification system. “It was about creating an infrastructure for inclusion and empowerment,” he explained.

The scale of Aadhaar was unprecedented. Enrolling over 1.4 billion people, Aadhaar became the largest biometric database in the world. It transformed how government programs were delivered, enabling direct benefit transfers that eliminated middlemen and reduced corruption. For instance, Aadhaar saved the government an estimated $12 billion by identifying and removing duplicate or fraudulent beneficiaries.

Nandan Nilekani | UIDAI | Global Indian

Beyond welfare delivery, Aadhaar became the backbone of India’s digital economy. It enabled initiatives like the Unified Payments Interface (UPI), which revolutionized digital payments and brought millions into the formal economy. Nilekani described Aadhaar as a “digital highway” that supported innovation across sectors.

However, Aadhaar was not without criticism. Privacy advocates raised concerns about the potential misuse of data, while logistical challenges occasionally excluded beneficiaries from welfare schemes. In 2018, the Supreme Court of India upheld Aadhaar’s constitutionality but imposed limits on its mandatory use. Nilekani acknowledged these issues, emphasizing the need for continuous improvement. “No system of this scale is without challenges,” he said, “but Aadhaar has fundamentally changed how India delivers services.”

Nandan Nilekani’s work has extended far beyond Infosys and Aadhaar. Over the years, he has founded, supported, and advised numerous initiatives that address systemic challenges across education, technology, finance, and governance. Each venture reflects Nilekani’s unwavering focus on using technology and innovation as tools to empower individuals and drive societal change.

EkStep: Transforming Education

In 2015, Nandan and his wife Rohini Nilekani co-founded EkStep, a nonprofit platform aimed at tackling India’s persistent learning crisis. The initiative was driven by alarming statistics: over 250 million children in India lacked basic literacy and numeracy skills. EkStep employs digital learning tools to create personalized educational experiences, focusing on foundational skills in reading, writing, and mathematics.

It’s an ambitious but scalable mission: to create a universal learning platform that educators, parents, and children can access freely. Supported by $10 million in seed funding from the Nilekanis, the platform uses open-source technology to provide content and tools in multiple Indian languages. Its reach has steadily expanded, impacting millions of learners across India.

“We wanted to create something that addressed education gaps at scale, using technology as an enabler,” Nilekani explained. “EkStep isn’t just about tools—it’s about creating access for every child, regardless of their circumstances.”

India Stack: Building Digital Public Infrastructure

Another groundbreaking initiative spearheaded by Nilekani is India Stack, a set of open APIs designed to provide a unified platform for identity verification, financial transactions, and data sharing. By integrating components such as Aadhaar, UPI, and DigiLocker, India Stack has enabled a seamless digital experience for citizens and businesses alike.

India Stack is now regarded as a model for digital public infrastructure worldwide, demonstrating how governments can leverage technology to drive inclusion. For instance, DigiLocker allows citizens to securely store and share official documents, reducing bureaucratic hurdles and increasing efficiency. “India Stack represents the idea of building infrastructure that enables innovation for everyone,” Nilekani said.

Unified Payments Interface (UPI): Revolutionizing Digital Transactions

Nilekani’s role in creating the Unified Payments Interface (UPI) has been transformative for India’s financial ecosystem. UPI, developed under the National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI), allows instant real-time payments between bank accounts via smartphones. By making digital transactions simple, secure, and accessible, UPI has brought millions of unbanked Indians into the formal financial system.

As of 2022, UPI had processed over $1 trillion in annual transactions, cementing its place as a cornerstone of India’s digital economy. Nilekani, who served as an advisor to NPCI during UPI’s development, believes its success stems from its inclusive design. “UPI has leveled the playing field for small businesses and individuals alike,” he noted. “It’s a prime example of how technology can democratize access.”

Adbhut India: Harnessing AI for Public Good

In 2024, Nandan Nilekani launched Adbhut India, an ambitious initiative to develop artificial intelligence (AI) solutions tailored to India’s unique challenges. Recognizing the potential of AI to address systemic issues, Nilekani emphasized the importance of creating inclusive and ethical AI systems.

One of Adbhut India’s primary objectives is building datasets in Indic languages, enabling AI applications to cater to India’s diverse linguistic landscape. Additionally, the initiative explores AI’s role in education, healthcare, and agriculture, aiming to close gaps in access and efficiency. “AI must be designed to empower—not exclude,” Nilekani said.

Supporting Startups and Entrepreneurs

Nandan Nilekani has also become a prominent supporter of India’s startup ecosystem, investing in and advising numerous ventures that align with his vision for inclusive innovation. He has backed companies across sectors such as fintech, healthcare, and education, offering mentorship and strategic guidance to entrepreneurs tackling India’s unique challenges.

For example, Nilekani is a key investor in the digital lending platform Avanti Finance, which provides affordable financial services to underserved communities. Through such investments, he has championed the idea of leveraging technology to drive financial inclusion.

The Social Security Mission

As part of his commitment to social infrastructure, Nandan Nilekani has also worked on developing a framework for India’s social security architecture. In collaboration with various policymakers and organizations, he has contributed to initiatives aimed at providing pension coverage and financial security for informal sector workers.

Data Empowerment and Protection

Nilekani’s efforts in advancing data empowerment have been equally significant. He is a vocal advocate for creating systems where individuals retain control over their data, enabling them to leverage it for personal and financial growth. His work in this area has informed India’s Data Empowerment and Protection Architecture (DEPA), which seeks to balance innovation with privacy.

“We live in a world where data is power,” Nilekani said. “The challenge is to ensure that this power rests with individuals, not corporations or governments.”

 Giving Back: A Lifelong Commitment

Philanthropy has been central to Nilekani’s journey. In 2017, he and his wife Rohini joined The Giving Pledge, committing to donate at least half their wealth to social causes. Their initiatives span education, urban governance, water conservation, and climate resilience.

The couple’s approach to philanthropy reflects a blend of grassroots support and systemic reform. While Rohini focuses on advocacy, Nilekani concentrates on leveraging technology to solve complex problems.

“Philanthropy is about building platforms that endure,” Nilekani said. “It’s about solving problems at scale, not just addressing symptoms.”

Awards and Recognition

Nilekani’s contributions have earned him widespread recognition. He was named among TIME magazine’s 100 Most Influential People in the World in 2006 and among the 100 Most Influential People in AI in 2024. In 2017, he received the Economic Times Lifetime Achievement Award for his transformative impact on India’s economy and society.

His influence extends beyond accolades. Nilekani’s work has fundamentally reshaped India’s technological and economic landscape, empowering millions and setting global benchmarks for innovation.

 

Story
Eye of the tiger: Dr Latika Nath is India’s first female wildlife biologist

(September 28, 2024 ) Dressed in the elegant chiffon sarees that were fashionable among upper crust Indians of her time, equally at ease at high society events and in the depths of the forests of Madhya Pradesh, Latika Nath was an unusual personality, both in social circles and among her conservationist peers. Known as the 'Tiger Princess', Latika Nath is India's first female wildlife biologist, and the first to acquire a Ph.D. dedicated to tiger preservation. Her recognition spans from securing support from the Save the Tiger Fund for developing camera traps to receiving scholarships from prestigious entities such as the Overseas Research Student Awards Scheme and the Chevening Scholarship, reflecting her academic excellence and dedication to environmental causes. Her efforts in conservation and environmental protection were acknowledged with the Karmaveer Puraskaar and an accolade from ATOI in 2007 for her impact on ecotourism in India. Nath's expertise and dedication have been spotlighted in documentaries by BBC Wildlife, Discovery Channel, and National Geographic, which gave her the moniker 'Tiger Princess'. Tryst with the Royal Bengal Tiger When she was one year old, Latika received a golden retriever puppy and a Siamese cat. Born into an Indian royal family, Latika grew up

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athika Nath | Wildlife conservationist | India" width="458" height="344" />

Tryst with the Royal Bengal Tiger

When she was one year old, Latika received a golden retriever puppy and a Siamese cat. Born into an Indian royal family, Latika grew up amongst wildlife - her father, a doctor at AIIMS and the health advisor to Indira Gandhi until the time of her passing, also set up India's animal conservationist movement in the 1970s. An avid wildlifer, he also enjoyed hunting big game and would sometimes take his daughter along.

"Ever since she was a little child she had been very fond of animals," Latika's mother said in Tiger Princess, a documentary by the National Geographic. The family lived on a farm in Kashmir, where they had lots of animals. "She loved being outside most of the time. She was also very set in her mind about what she wanted to do, she didn't give us any second choices about her line of interest," she smiles. Latika's greatest love, however, was for the Royal Bengal Tiger. "It's the sheer majesty of the animal," she says, in the documentary. "It's the thrill of seeing something so beautiful, so untamed, left in the wild as it is mean to be."

 

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The atypical environmentalist

After obtaining her undergraduate degree in environment science from Maitreyi College in New Delhi, Latika received a scholarship for the School of Forestry at the University of Wales. Latika had hoped to do a PhD on the snow leopard, which can be found in her homeland, Kashmir, but this was 1989, the year of the militancy and exodus. "We were one of the first few families to be targeted by the terrorists, and they killed eight people of our staff. They came in, gunned them down, and burned our houses." The family was forced to flee to New Delhi, and Latika left her home and her dreams behind.

In Delhi, Latika met H.S. Panwar, the director of the Wildlife Institute of India, who suggested she do a doctorate on tigers. It was a tough call, and although Latika knew the road ahead would be filled with hardships, she took it on. At the age of 24, with a scholarship from the Wildlife Institute, Latika left home for the first time.

"I just decided what I wanted to do and I did it," she says, "I borrowed a four-wheel drive from a friend in Delhi and went. I had never driven one before." Surprisingly, her parents let her go, giving her a maid and a driver. 'The family thought it was ridiculous," her mother admitted. They drove through the treacherous ravines of Chambal, the 'badlands' ruled by dacoits. At one point, Latika recalled, the driver put up his window, worrying that a bear would put its paw through and get him.

Dr Lathika Nath | Wildlife conservationist | India

The harrowing journey brought her to Bandhavgarh National Park, where she was greeted by a family friend, Nanda Shumshere Rana. The Ranas, who had ruled Nepal for over a century, were also famous for their love of hunting and the outdoors. Nanda Rana, however, had pivoted, from hunting tigers to conserving them. Latika was so relieved to see a familiar face that she burst into tears.

Up against the glass ceiling

Rana and Latika spent their days together in search of the Royal Bengal Tiger. Rana was taking care of the Bandhavgarh National Park, while Latika did work on her PhD. Her job was to identify the tiger population and map their territory and followed, in particular, a tiger named Sita. She would go fearlessly out into the night, driving on terrible roads, staying out from 8 pm at night to 4 am in the morning. Like a princess, she did this too with a team of servants, and set up 22 camera traps.

However, being a female conservationist was not going to be easy. More so for someone like Latika, who enjoyed her life as a royal to the fullest. "There have been so many people trying to stop me, for so many different reasons," she remarked. "People who are threatened by my ability, my social contacts, my personality, by the fact that I could ask questions." Influential conservationists challenged her research, accusing her of falsifying data, and it resulted in Latika's scholarship, as well as her permission to work in the park, being withdrawn.

Changing the game

 

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However, Latika was determined not to let her dreams die. She applied to Oxford University, hoping to do a PhD at Christchurch. Her parents supported her, giving her access to her trust fund. She had all the money in the world, and no admission. Then, fate intervened. She met a tourist, Judith Pallow, who happened to be the sole tutor for graduates at Christchurch.

With a PhD from Oxford, there wasn't much her critics could say. Latika returned to India and has been a conservationist for decades. Her work spans research, education, advocacy, and hands-on conservation projects. Her primary focus has been on tiger conservation, where she has delved into studying their behaviour, habitat requirements, and the threats they face due to human activities. Her doctoral research, recognized for its pioneering nature, laid the groundwork for further studies and conservation strategies aimed at preserving tigers in their natural habitats.

The Global Indian's approach involves photography and writing as tools to spread awareness and in 2018, released her coffee table book Hidden India, a collection of photograph taken over years of exploring the country's remote wilderness.  Her engagement in exhibitions like "Omo – where time stood still" and "An Eye on the Tiger" at the Royal Albert Hall underscores her influential role in promoting wildlife and conservation awareness.

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Story
Prafulla Dhariwal: From child prodigy to the mind behind OpenAI’s GPT-4o

(November 23, 2024) “GPT-4o would not have happened without the vision, talent, conviction, and determination of @prafdhar (Praful Dhariwal) over a long period of time. That (along with the work of many others) led to what I hope will turn out to be a revolution in how we use computers,” tweeted Sam Altman, CEO of OpenAI, in a public acknowledgment of the driving force behind one of the most groundbreaking innovations in artificial intelligence. Known for his leadership in the AI revolution, Altman’s words carried immense weight, directing global attention to Prafulla Dhariwal, the man whose ingenuity brought GPT-4o to life in May this year. [caption id="attachment_60524" align="aligncenter" width="464"] Prafulla Dhariwal[/caption] “GPT-4o (o for ‘Omni’) is the first model to come out of the Omni team, OpenAI’s first natively fully multimodal model. This launch was a huge org-wide effort, but I’d like to give a shout out to a few of my awesome team members who made this magical model even possible,” Prafulla had tweeted just days after GPT-4o’s launch. In response, Sam Altman had praised Prafulla’s contributions, while also highlighting the efforts of his team. As a research scientist at OpenAI, Dhariwal has played a significant role in shaping

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magical model even possible,” Prafulla had tweeted just days after GPT-4o’s launch. In response, Sam Altman had praised Prafulla’s contributions, while also highlighting the efforts of his team.

As a research scientist at OpenAI, Dhariwal has played a significant role in shaping the company’s most ambitious projects, including GPT-4o—OpenAI’s first fully multimodal AI system. This revolutionary model is already redefining how humans interact with technology, seamlessly integrating text, images, and other media to unlock unprecedented possibilities. But Dhariwal’s journey to becoming one of AI’s most influential minds is as extraordinary as the technology he has helped create. From his early years as a prodigy in Pune, to his current status as a leading figure in Silicon Valley, Dhariwal’s story is all about brilliance, perseverance, and the relentless pursuit of innovation.

From Pune to MIT

Prafulla’s journey began in the culturally rich city of Pune, where his curiosity for technology was evident at an early age. His parents bought him a computer when he was just one-and-a-half years old, and by the time he was 11, Prafulla had already created his first website. He was even featured by the BBC during his school years, owing to the prodigious talent he displayed as a schoolkid. In a 2014 BBC interview, his mother fondly recalled how young Prafulla would sit with his father, exploring the basics of emails and the internet.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PkSfXaSnl9o

 

This early exposure to technology was complemented by Prafulla’s exceptional academic achievements. In an interview, one of his teachers shared that they often had to give him more advanced math problems, as he quickly solved those typically assigned to children his age.

In 2009, at the age of 12, he won the prestigious National Talent Search Scholarship, a recognition reserved for India’s most promising young minds. That same year, he secured a gold medal at the International Astronomy Olympiad in China. These accolades were just the beginning. By 2012 and 2013, he had added two more gold medals to his name—this time at the International Mathematical Olympiad and the International Physics Olympiad. He got featured in a Pogo ad called ‘Amazing Kid Genius’ and even received a scholarship for a 10-day trip to NASA.

[caption id="attachment_60530" align="aligncenter" width="536"]Indian Techie | Scientist at OpenAI | Global Indian Prafulla wth Dr Abdul Kalam after winning the National Talent Search Scholarship[/caption]

As a gesture of giving back at that tender age, he trained students of Pune for the Indian National Mathematical Olympiad, teaching them algebra, functional equations, inequalities. designed and graded problem sets in number theory, geometry, and combinatorics.

Prafulla’s academic brilliance continued into his high school years at P Jog Junior College in Pune. He scored 295 out of 300 in physics, chemistry, and mathematics (PCM) in Grade 12 and excelled in competitive exams like the Maharashtra Technical Common Entrance Test (MT-CET) and Joint Entrance Exam (JEE-Mains). Clearing JEE-Mains with flying colours, he had his pick of India’s top engineering institutions. However, a scholarship offer from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) sealed his decision. As he later admitted, “It was tough to choose between IIT and MIT, but the scholarship made all the difference.”

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8FVi-W9LP48

Rising through the ranks at OpenAI

While graduating from MIT with a perfect CGPA of 5.0/5.0 in computer science and mathematics, Prafulla Dhariwal gained experience through internships at leading organizations like Pinterest and D.E. Shaw Group. However, the opportunity to join OpenAI in 2016 as a research intern set the stage for his meteoric rise in the field of artificial intelligence. At the end of the internship, he received a pre-placement offer, and has been working at the organization for more than seven years now.

At OpenAI, Prafulla’s initial work focused on generative models and unsupervised learning, areas that would become critical to the development of advanced AI systems. Over the years, he co-created several transformative AI models, including GPT-3: the language model that revolutionized natural language processing, DALL-E 2: a text-to-image platform that showcased AI’s creative potential, Jukebox: a music generator that demonstrated AI’s versatility in art, Glow: a reversible generative model that expanded the horizons of deep learning.

Each of these innovations cemented Prafulla’s reputation as a thought leader in the AI community. But it was GPT-4o, OpenAI’s first natively multimodal model, that truly showcased his vision and technical prowess.

[caption id="attachment_60525" align="aligncenter" width="1024"]Indian Techie | Scientist at OpenAI  | Global Indian Prafulla during his student days in the U.S.[/caption]

GPT-4o: Redefining the future of AI

Launched on May 13, 2024, GPT-4o marked a significant leap in artificial intelligence, offering unprecedented multimodal capabilities. The model enables seamless interaction across text, images, and other media, unlocking new possibilities in fields as diverse as healthcare, education, and entertainment. Prafulla’s leadership was instrumental in shaping the model’s development, ensuring it not only pushed technological boundaries but also adhered to ethical principles.

As Prafulla explained in a recent interview, “AI’s true power lies not just in what it can do but in how responsibly it’s used. With GPT-4o, we wanted to create a tool that empowers people while maintaining transparency and trust.”

The impact of GPT-4o has been manganous. From assisting doctors in diagnosing complex medical conditions to enabling visually impaired individuals to interact with digital content more intuitively, the model has demonstrated how AI can enhance human capabilities rather than replace them. Businesses, too, have embraced the technology, using it to streamline workflows, create personalized content, and gain deeper insights into customer behaviour.

Indian Techie | Prafulla Dhariwal | Global Indian

 

Inspiring the next generation as an AI specialist

Prafulla Dhariwal is part of a growing cohort of Indian-origin scientists making waves in artificial intelligence. These trailblazers share a common thread: a commitment to advancing AI in ways that are both innovative and ethical. Their work reflects India’s long-standing tradition of excellence in mathematics, engineering, and computer science, fields that have produced luminaries like Srinivasa Ramanujan and Homi Bhabha.

For aspiring scientists, Dhariwal’s story is a powerful reminder of what can be achieved through passion, hard work, and a willingness to embrace challenges. From creating his first website as a child to leading the development of one of the most advanced AI models in history, Prafulla Dhariwal’s Global Indian journey depicts the power of dedication and determination.

Indian Techie | Prafulla Dhariwal | Global Indian

As AI continues to evolve, the world will undoubtedly witness more groundbreaking innovations. For Dhariwal too, the journey is far from over. As he looks to the future, he remains focused on one guiding principle: using AI to make the world a better place. And in his own words, “The best AI is not just intelligent; it’s human-centered. That’s what I strive for.”

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Story
Get, Set, Go: Ultra cyclist and marathoner Dr Amit Samarth loves the ‘extreme’ life  

(December 18, 2022) When he arrived in Moscow to undertake a gruelling, 9100-km bicycle journey (from Moscow to Vladivostok) in August 2018, a mountain of challenges awaited Dr Amit Samarth. As part of the Red Bull Trans-Siberian Extreme — the longest bicycle stage race on the planet — the ultra cyclist was all set to cover the mind-boggling distance in 15 stages in 25 days. The weather conditions were extreme and the hilly terrain most difficult. The professional bicyclists were to ride massive distances, ranging from 260-kms to 1364-kms in different stages. [caption id="attachment_32939" align="aligncenter" width="592"] Dr Amit Samarth[/caption] Only those with an iron will and nerves of steel could make it. Dr Amit Samarth was one of them. The wilderness of Siberia   “The rain water in Siberia is ice cold and I ended up riding the 10th stage (1054 kms) in heavy rain. TheTrans-Siberian Extreme was a killer, the toughest challenge ever,” smiles Dr Samarth, the first Indian and Asian to have completed the challenge despite massive odds. In an exclusive conversation with Global Indian, the ultra-cyclist and marathoner, for whom taking on extreme challenges is now a way of life, says that unless risks are taken, one can never realise their capabilities. If the Trans-Siberian Extreme proved

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an exclusive conversation with Global Indian, the ultra-cyclist and marathoner, for whom taking on extreme challenges is now a way of life, says that unless risks are taken, one can never realise their capabilities.

If the Trans-Siberian Extreme proved to be the toughest, the Race Across America (RAAM), solo 2017 was another event that tested Dr Samarth’s endurance. It was a 5000-km continuous bike race from East to West Coast and participants get 12 days to finish.

The Race Across America  

“In extreme endurance sports like ultra-cycling, there come occasions when you fall sick or just don’t feel great. During RAAM, I got very dehydrated once and suffered from a throat infection later,” says Dr Samarth, the first Indian solo to finish RAAM in 11 days, 21 hours and 11 minutes, which in itself was a record in the history of RAAM.

While the Trans-Siberian Extreme had an elevation of 77,320 metres, RAAM had a total elevation of 40,000 metres.

[caption id="attachment_32944" align="alignnone" width="852"]Dr Amit Samarth | Ultra cyclist | Global Indian Amit Samarth during the 15th stage (Khabarovsk - Vladivostok) of the Red Bull Trans-Siberian Extreme, on August 17, 2018[/caption]

Studious boy to adventure junkie

Born and brought up in Nagpur, Maharashtra, Dr Samarth’s childhood was in complete contrast to what he is today.

In school, Dr Samarth says he was a chubby boy, often poked fun at by his classmates. He recalls trying to enroll for the National Cadet Corps and being rejected on grounds of his physical fitness.

“My focus was only on academics. Since medical admissions were based on a student’s marks in physics, chemistry and biology, it was very important for me to focus only on studies,” says Dr Samarth, who recalls playing ‘gully’ cricket once in a while. In college, though, he began going to the gym.

Focus on public health  

Having done his MBBS from Indira Gandhi Medical College in Nagpur, Dr Samarth, who is now in his early 40s, spent the next couple of years working as a medical officer in various hospitals. After that, he received an opportunity to visit the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Research in Dhaka, Bangladesh, where he met a lot of public health scientists from different universities all across the world. “That is where I actually understood what public health is and what it can do,” says Dr Samarth.

He went on to do earn a Master’s degree in Public Health from Johns Hopkins School of Public Health in the US. When he returned to India, Dr Samarth did stints at the Indian Institute of Public Health, Access-Health International in Hyderabad and then moved to Bengaluru, taking over as the CEO of the Save A Mother Foundation.

Dr Amit Samarth | Ultra cyclist | Global Indian

Taekwondo to marathons  

In Hyderabad, he took to Taekwondo. “I used to get up at 4.30 am and go to KBR Park for training. I used to train in the evenings as well,” says the ultra-cyclist, who went on to earn a black belt in the martial art.

In 2015, he quit his job at Bengaluru and returned to his hometown, Nagpur, where he started his sports academy, Miles and Miles. Encouraged by his friends, he took to Ultra Cycling himself, participating in various cycling events.

His passion for marathons began relatively late in life and was sparked by the running he did for Taekwondo training. His life changed the day he decided to attempt a 10-km run. “I then started doing half-marathons. After I got married in 2010, I started running full marathons,” Dr Samarth says.

The Ironman Triathlon  

Along the way, he discovered the Ironman Triathlon, a series of long-distance triathlon races, organised by the World Triathlon Corporation. The triathlon comprised comprises a 3.9-km swim, a 112-mile bicycle ride and a 42.2-km marathon run, all completed in a single day. It is an advanced challenge, touted to be one of the most difficult one-day sporting events in the world, to be completed in around 17 hours.

It compelled Dr Samarth to purchase his first bike and he has been unstoppable ever since. Over the last decade, since 2012, the ultra-cyclist and marathoner has done three full Ironman triathlons and 17 half-Ironman-races across the world.

“I come from a farming family and we have the willingness to suffer, a trait required for ultra-cycling and marathons. I am not a born athlete but a trained one,” says Dr Samarth, who also did a 6000-km cycling event on India’s Golden Quadrilateral highway in a record time of 13 days, 9 hours and 50 minutes.

Dr Amit Samarth | Ultra cyclist | Global Indian

Sleep deprived  

For races like RAAM and TSE, Dr Samarth would be required to be sleep deprived for many days. “When I was riding for RAAM, I went riding continuously for the first 24 hours. Thereafter, I used to be on the bike for 21 to 22 hours everyday and sleep for around 1.5 to two hours everyday,” informs Dr Samarth adding that riding without proper sleep is part of the sport.

He says one has to think and behave like a ghost, which is what he did during TSE. “It is very hard to explain how to do this. But I did a lot of ghost riding in TSE. One has to think as if you are possessed with some spirit and your thinking will make things happen,” says the ultracyclist, who would talk to himself on the lonely roads all night to reaffirm the belief that he would successfully finish the race.

One of the best way to deal with sleep deprivation and lonely night rides is music. “I take a music player along and play my favourite tracks. Singing along helped me to be more alert and ward off sleep,” says Dr Samarth, who did Ironman Phuket in 2012 (1.9 km swim, 90 kms cycle and 21.1 km run) and Ironman Bahrain (70.3) in 2018.

Few tough moments  

Dr Amit Samarth | Ultra cyclist | Global Indian

Sharing a few more difficult situations he faced during TSE and RAAM, Dr Samarth recalls the 10th day in RAAM, when he was in West Virginia. It was raining heavily and he was riding in rain from 5 pm in evening to almost 2 am in the night.

“It was very cold that night. One of the biggest mistakes I did was taking a break and falling asleep,” he says. Instead of sleeping for one hour, he slept for three hours and then it became very difficult to start early morning due to intense cold. “I lost precious time due to which I had to slog for the next 24 hours to make sure I finish RAAM successfully,” he says.

During TSE, after completing the stage 3, Dr Samarth was completely drained out due to lack of proper food and his legs had turned extremely sore. By evening, hewas running high temperature.

“I had only 10 hours to sleep and recuperate. I tried to eat and sleep as much as possible, took medicines and evaluated myself next morning. That day I rode slower, trying to recover my body on the bike. Yes, you can recover while on the move,” smiles the ultra cyclist, who suffered dehydration with altitude sickness during one of the races in the Himalayas.

“If I get bogged down or afraid of these situations, I would have never finished those races,” he points out.

Giving back  

Earlier, he won the tough Pune tough cycle race and also did some other ultra-cycling rides from Delhi to Nagpur (1021 km in 39 hours), Chennai to Nagpur (in 43 hours). “I have taken those risks and I want to do my bit towards encouraging people to pursue their passions,” says the ultra risk taker.

What are his future plans? “I would like to grow my sports academy and I am presently running a program for tribal athletes,” informs Dr Samarth. His earlier visits to the Deshpande Foundation in Hubbali, which put him in contact with many social entrepreneurs, inspired Dr Samarth to be a sports entrepreneur himself.

 

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A post shared by Dr. Amit Samarth | UltraCyclist (@teamamitsamarth)

He intends to identify more sporting talent from the tribal areas, especially from central India, and train them in his sports academy. “I look forward to create elite national and international athletes from my academy in the time to come,” says the sports entrepreneur, who is doing his bit to give back to the society.

When he isn't ultra-cycling or marathoning, the fitness enthusiast likes to read books and watch some informative videos about training athletes.

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About Global Indian

Global Indian – a Hero’s Journey is an online publication which showcases the journeys of Indians who went abroad and have had an impact on India. 

These journeys are meant to inspire and motivate the youth to aspire to go beyond where they were born in a spirit of adventure and discovery and return home with news ideas, capital or network that has an impact in some way for India.

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