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Author | Geetanjali Shree | Global Indian
Global IndianstoryHow Geetanjali Shree’s Ret Samadhi translation is longlisted for Man Booker
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How Geetanjali Shree’s Ret Samadhi translation is longlisted for Man Booker

Published by: Namrata Srivastava

(March 25, 2022) When Geetanjali Shree was a young girl her mother would often joke about how she wanted to tell stories more than she wanted to hear them. Today an established Hindi author, her last book Ret Samadhi was recently longlisted for the Man Booker International Prize. The brilliant author of five Hindi novels and five short stories, Geetanjali started her writing journey as a nine-year-old. “I was fascinated by stories and always wanted to write my own,” smiles Geetanjali during an interview with Global Indian.

“My mother would narrate stories to us siblings. Also, since my father was a bureaucrat, we had several people working for us at our house. I remember listening to stories from those ladies as a child. I was mesmerised by how words could create a whole new world, which was so engrossing. Unfortunately, I do not have those stories though even I am curious to know what I wrote back then,” adds the Delhi-based author.

For the love of Hindi 

Growing up in various towns of Uttar Pradesh in the late 50s and 60s with four siblings, the 64-year-old author reveals it was the vibrant culture of those towns and their language that gave her a foundation. While she attended an English-medium school, the scarcity of English-language children’s books turned out to be a “blessing in disguise” for her. “I used to read Chandamama and Nandad as a child, and that gravitated me towards tales from the Ramayana, Mahabharata, Arabian Nights, Panchatantra, Kathasaritsagara and Chandrakanta Santati. Had I not experienced this childhood, I am not sure if I would have been able to write these stories,” reminisces the author who has no doubt been influenced by her historian husband.

Author | Geetanjali Shree | Global Indian

Geetanjali Shree, author, Photograph by Jayanti Pandey

Even when she moved to Delhi to pursue bachelor’s in history from Lady Shri Ram College, Delhi University, and later master’s from Jawaharlal Nehru University, Geetanjali felt a tug towards Hindi literature. “In JNU, I was pretty sure that I wanted to pursue writing in Hindi. My dissertation topic was on Hindi literature representing the nationalist thought of the pre-Independence years, in which I focussed on Prem Chand and his writings.”

Slow, but steady… 

Calling herself a “slow writer,” Geetanjali feels that she started her professional journey as a writer a little late. Her first story, Bel Patra (1987) was published in the literary magazine Hans, however, it was the publication of her short story collection Anugoonj (1991) that catapulted her into the Hindi literary scene. Post this, several other works of Geetanjali, including Mai (1993), Hamara Shahar Us Baras (1998), Tirohit (2001) and Khālī Jagah (2006) hit the bookshelves across India.

However, it’s her 2018 novel Ret Samadhi that has put her on the global map. Translated recently into English as Tomb of Sand by Daisy Rockwell, it has become the first Hindi-language novel to be nominated for the International Booker Prize. Calling it a “proud moment,” she is quite happy to have scripted history. “It is a very proud moment for me, not just as a writer, but also as an Indian. This will bring a certain focus on Hindi literature and other Indian languages. We need people to realise that there is so much literature waiting to be discovered.”

Geetanjai with her favourite author, Krishna Sobti

Ret Samadhi narrates the story of an 80-year-old woman, who is depressed after her husband’s death. Eventually, the lady comes out of the depression and decides to visit Pakistan to finally confront the past that she left behind during the Partition.

Giving an insight about the much-talked-about book, she shares, “Actually it was the image of a woman in a joint, orthodox, middle-class family, who was sitting with her back turned, that stayed with me for a very long time. Somewhere it made me wonder if she was turning her back to the people around her, or her life. It took me around seven to eight years to finish Ret Samadhi.”

An author who likes to create a dialogue with her reader through all her books, Geetanjali’s work is not limited to the Hindi literatis. Many of her books have been translated into English, French, and even German. However, the author doesn’t believe in picking her own translator. “I have never picked any author to translate my books. I feel I have been lucky in that area, as the translators have done justice to my work. In fact, I had never met Daisy Rockwell, when I heard that she was thinking of translating Ret Samadhi into English. However, when we spoke about the book, I realised that she had a sense of emotions and relationships in the book,” she smiles.

Geetanjali with her mother

Not just an author 

While she doesn’t like calling herself a “theatre person,” the author has worked with prominent thespians such as Anuradha Kapur and Kirti Jain on various plays. Having written many plays for the theatre group Vivadi, Geetanjali shares that she loves working in an interactive environment. “Writing something for theatre is a collective exercise, with everyone from the director to the actors and others contributing to the storyline. I really like working like this,” she adds.

When Geetanjali isn’t busy weaving magic with words, she loves listening to music. “I love a whole range of genres – Hindustani classical, old Bollywood, jazz, Baul and Rajasthani folk,” she concludes.

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  • Geetanjali Shree
  • Geetanjali Shree books
  • Global Indian Exclusive
  • Hindi Literature Author
  • Indian author
  • Man Booker International Prize
  • Ret Samadhi
  • Tomb of Sand

Published on 25, Mar 2022

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Juliet Decaestecker: The Belgian vet in love with India

(October 27, 2022) Globe trotter and veterinarian Dr Juliet Decaestecker of Belgium has travelled to 35 countries but the longest that she has stayed in any foreign country is India. The country was home to her for four and a half years. When her husband’s tenure as the Commissioner of Trade for Belgium in Chennai came to an end in 2020, they made the move back with heavy hearts.   The couple, who had moved to India with three kids, went back with four. The pandemic had just begun. However, her India-connection wasn’t easy to shake. Even two years after her departure, she remains in touch with her clients, making online diagnoses and giving them tips to keep their pets happy and healthy.   “The memories are still fresh in our heart,” Juliet tells Global Indian from Belgium. During the time she spent in India, Juliet used natural medicines to treat animals, also using the Chinese methods that are her area of specialty. The vet even became an author, writing ‘Healthy Dog, Happy You’ when she was in India, focussing on the different ways in which Indian dog owners can live with their pets.   An ardent believer in natural medicines for animals,

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gium. During the time she spent in India, Juliet used natural medicines to treat animals, also using the Chinese methods that are her area of specialty. The vet even became an author, writing ‘Healthy Dog, Happy You’ when she was in India, focussing on the different ways in which Indian dog owners can live with their pets.  

An ardent believer in natural medicines for animals, Juliet acquainted herself with ancient Indian practices to further her knowledge of indigenous medicine and to treat Indian animals effectively.  

“I had enrolled myself for a course in University of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences and Technology, Bengaluru not only to learn about Ayurveda but ethno-veterinary practices. The subject encompasses the rich variety of traditional healing practices of India including Tibetan, Unani and folk medicines of different regions, that are not necessarily written down somewhere but have been passed on over the generations,” she says. 

Healthcare | Dr Juliet Decaestecker | Global Indian

Embracing what India has to offer 

“Arriving in India was really interesting for me,” she says. Moving to India meant a big opportunity for Juliet to further her knowledge. By this time, she had already been practicing traditional medicines for years already. She found the country rich in history, with immense offerings of indigenous knowledge.   

 “However, I found that people of the country struggle to balance the two systems of knowledge – the one they learned in the West and their own indigenous heritage,” Juliet says. “It was tricky for me, as I had come to honour traditional culture and knowledge of India, not the western practices that are popular in the country.”  

Healthcare | Dr Juliet Decaestecker | Global Indian

Exploring rural India 

The couple love to travel and their zest for adventure took them to India’s rural heartlands, where they connected with local people and healers. “As an expat, I have seen two different sides of India. We chose to connect to the traditional side.” Juliet sent her kids to the local Indian school instead of an international setup, to help them better learn the country’s culture. Instead of seeking the more Westernised system of education, Juliet’s kids learned to draw kolams and to recite the Gayatri Mantra. “The older ones still remember the shlokas,” she says.  

Healthcare | Dr Juliet Decaestecker | Global Indian

“I saw that in India people do not give much significance to herbs that are available easily in their kitchen gardens or local markets,” says Juliet, who advocates the medicinal properties of local herbs.  

Healing by natural medicine   

The vet, who has treated thousands of sick animals so far, started her practice in 2012 and has been an independent practitioner since then. After moving back to Belgium from India, besides her independence practice, she has also started teaching at Belgian Veterinary Acupuncture Society (BEVAS), and International Veterinary Acupuncture Society (IVAS), making students aware of how they can heal animals through acupuncture and food therapy. 

“People come to me only if allopathy has failed. I am mostly a second-line vet for them.” Juliet makes use of ayurvedic medicine, Chinese medicine, homeopathy or herbs available locally for treatment depending upon the problem.  

Healthcare | Dr Juliet Decaestecker | Global Indian

“People call my treatment ‘alternative treatment’ but I call western medicine an alternative treatment because it’s only a few hundred years old. Traditional practices have been passed on to us for thousands of years.” She views western medicine as treatment of symptoms while traditional practices, she says, whether they are from India or any place in the world, address the root cause of the illness. “The principles of traditional medicines are 90 percent the same all over the world,” she says. 

In India, Juliet acquainted herself with the Indian names of many significant herbs and learned their properties. It’s equally about medicine as it is about bringing in lifestyle changes. The more committed pet owners are, the easier the healing process. 

“I do monthly consultations with my old clients in India. Since I cannot touch their pets, I make them fill up a really big questionnaire about how the animals are behaving to get to the root cause of the problem if any, besides looking at their videos. 

How Koko, the parrot made Juliet a vet 

Juliet grew up in Flanders, Belgium, extremely mindful of animals around her and deeply in love with her pet parrot, Koko, whom she received as a gift from her parents when she was a child. When her parents got divorced, Juliet stayed with her mom, Koko went to live with her father, because pets were not allowed at the flat her mother rented.  

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AQFue3X0n5U

A few months later, Juliet learned that Koko had died. It was shattering news for the little girl, and she promised herself that she would always look after every animal around her. Days passed by but Juliet never forgot the promise she had made to herself, rescuing every injured animal she came across, and worked hard to learn how she could help them.  

When she grew older, the career choice to pursue veterinary science came very naturally to her.  

The journey of travelling to 35 countries  

When Juliet and her husband were 25 years old, they decided that they needed to discover the world, take a risk, be on the road and experience life outside Belgium. 

 Since they both were independent professionals at that time, it became easier to travel on road and they went on for four and half years, taking up odd jobs where possible, matching their skill sets to finance the exciting trip. “Since we mostly lived in our car, we required little. My goal was to meet endangered species and ecosystems and gather indigenous knowledge of herbal medicine in each country I went to,” she says.

Healthcare | Dr Juliet Decaestecker | Global Indian  

In love with India  

“You have so much that you need to cherish. Indian kids think they can achieve much more by coming to the west but I think it’s not like that. India has so much to offer that they can achieve as much as the west, there as well,” she says, adding “Indian kids should learn to preserve their culture, and value what’s there in the country. Awareness about this should be instilled in little ones by elders.” 

Reminiscing about the golden times in India, Juliet says that since the couple have been travellers by heart, they went a little bit everywhere - Kerala, Nagaland, North-India, and more. “If I talk about the places I visited in India, it will take hours,” she laughs.  

Healthcare | Dr Juliet Decaestecker | Global Indian

Villages of India are what appealed to her the most. “What I like about villages of India is that there is a close network between people of different professions, they keep culture alive.” 

Juliet and her family, husband Aernouts Jean-Francois, and kids, Zia, Lina, Ruby, and Paco are still connected to their acquaintances in India. Not only does she provide online consultations but people who read her book approach her for tips. Ties with friends made over the period of four-and-a-half years have remained. 

The couple have kept the connection alive for their kids aged 10, eight, six and three. “Indian friends call us up, and this keeps it alive for them and they still feel connected to the country they love so much.”  

Healthcare | Dr Juliet Decaestecker | Global Indian

When it comes to food, Juliet talks fondly about the taste of Indian dishes made of okra – ladies’ fingers, and palak paneer is her favourite. “We would love to be in India. Even though there is no work for my husband there now, we would like to go there regularly and meet friends and clients.”  

“I love India because of its diversity. People of different cultures live together in one country and this is what is most interesting to me,” she signs off.

  • Follow Dr Juliet Decaestecker on LinkedIn, Instagram and Facebook 

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How Pravin Tulpule, the former naval officer became a medical clown

(September 3, 2022) Popularly known as ‘Happy – the medical clown’, former lieutenant commander of the Indian Navy, who had even worked as an electronic warfare officer onboard INS Viraat, found his purpose in bringing smiles to the faces of the terminally ill. Setting on a completely diverse path he chose to adorn the clown’s costume to take kids in cancer wards and orphanages on a laughing spree, opting for a VRS from the navy after 17 years of service. “It was much to the surprise of my boss and colleagues who thought I had drunk a bit more the previous evening and tried to persuade me away from the idea,” says he adding that he is grateful that his family including his parents supported his decision to switch to a career that offered more meaning to his life. In 2019, he was presented with the Karmaveer Chakra, a global civilian honour conferred by the international confederation of NGO (iCONGO) in partnership with the United Nations. Pravin Tulpule tells Global Indian I do miss the beautiful white, pristine uniform and the culture of the Indian Navy but it was not a rash decision, rather a radical move. I do not have

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beautiful white, pristine uniform and the culture of the Indian Navy but it was not a rash decision, rather a radical move. I do not have a penny’s regret to get into the wonderful world of clowning.

[caption id="attachment_28885" align="aligncenter" width="708"]Pravin Tulpule | Medical Clown | Global Indian Pravin Tulpule, former naval officer, medical clown, happiness coach and corporate edutainer[/caption]

The trigger…

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“A family friend requested me one day to show magic tricks to a group of kids,” he says. Pravin was transitioning in those days from a magician to a clown thinking that instead of fooling people with tricks why not make them part of it by adding the additional angle of clowning to make them happy? “As requested, when I went there in the clown’s costume, I got introduced to a room full of kids suffering from cancer. I was not mentally prepared for it,” he tells. Taken aback by the sombreness of the situation he performed nevertheless. “Entertaining them was overwhelming as I had not been into this situation before, never met so many terminally ill patients at the same time.”

Pravin Tulpule | Medical Clown | Global Indian

Pravin recalls that a child got particularly fond of him, tagging around him during the show. What followed was his pictures in a local newspaper along with that child the next day. “It was the first time that I appeared in any newspaper and was elated.” Much to his shock, Pravin came to know after a few days that the kid had succumbed to his illness.

“I was deeply moved when I got to know that one of the wishes of the little boy was to meet a joker from the circus. That was the trigger,” he says, about what prompted him to take a plunge from the navy, where he had also worked as a communication specialist indulging in defense tactics and instructor at the naval academy, to the world of medical clowning. He was in his 40s then. Staying back for two and half years more would have led to some additional benefits as a naval officer but the pull was so strong that he could not stop himself from embracing the new path.

‘Mission Happiness’

The clown’s costume helps break the ice. It does not make you a clown. The clown has to be inside. It helps you portray the clown. It tells people he is a fun guy - Pravin Tulpule

Being one of the trailblazers in the domain which is still at its nascent stages in India, Pravin has provided free-of-cost services in orphanages, shelter homes, slums, old age homes, and hospitals meant for kids with cancer and congenital heart diseases. In addition to these, he doubled up as a happiness coach, and corporate edutainer with a 20-year-association with a leading MNC as part of their branding and CSR initiatives, following his VRS from the navy.

Though the contract like many other things came to a halt during the pandemic, Pravin continues as an independent professional travelling across the country for fun-filled interactions as a happiness coach and corporate edutainer to lift sombre moods or to drive in an important message with the power of humour.

Pravin Tulpule | Medical Clown | Global Indian

He calls his independent practice ‘Mission Happiness’. “I am doing it at a passion level he says. “If a powerful message is interspersed with humour people get hooked to the message”, he says adding, “it forever gets etched in the memory of kids and adults if a clown is imparting it.’ The entertainer has given close to 5,000 performances so far.

All I need is travel, stay, and food arrangements and I am ready to go anywhere and perform - Pravin Tulpule

Clowning is a technique

Pravin has also been conducting workshops for clowns and those who are not in the profession to make them understand the significant role that medical clowns can play in the treatment process. He addresses medical students at King Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, on how medical clowns are important. I tell them that “a clown should be ready to be the target so that people can laugh at you. This is a quality that is otherwise difficult for people to adopt,” says the edutainer who is attached to Toybank NGO to promote mental well-being and socio-emotional development.

[caption id="attachment_28897" align="aligncenter" width="594"]Pravin Tulpule | Medical Clown | Global Indian Pravin with his children[/caption]

Pravin rues the fact that “many people perceive medical clowning as just wearing colourful clothes and dancing around.” There are quite a few people now who are adopting the profession. Not only one of his friends, who stays in Colorado, is a part-time medical clown, but inspired by Pravin’s unique way of serving society, both his children also get into the clown’s costume when the situation demands, even though they are into different professions altogether.

India’s Patch Adams

Pravin is deeply inspired by the 1998 American biographical comedy-drama film directed by Tom Shadyac, and starring Robin Williams. “You must watch it if you have not,” he recommends. “Dr. Patch Adams is based on a real person, not a fictional character,” tells Pravin who appears happy with the fact that he is referred to as Patch Adams of India.

Based on the life story of Dr. Hunter Adams and the book Gesundheit: Good Health Is a Laughing Matter by Dr. Adams and Maureen Mylander, the film that Pravin resonates with is about how using humour, can lead to better and faster recuperation of patients. Like Pravin, the protagonist of the movie had also found a new purpose in life in clowning.

[caption id="attachment_28892" align="aligncenter" width="678"]Pravin Tulpule | Medical Clown | Global Indian Pravin at a recent event organised by the NGO, Toybank[/caption]

The multifaceted clown

This former naval officer is a jack of many trades due to his constant urge to learn new skills. He is into tarot reading, crystals, face reading, teaching puppet making to children, and more. This festive season has kept him occupied in holding workshops for making eco-friendly Ganesha and teaching clay modelling to the young ones.

The love for underwater activities still stays close to his heart. This Independence Day saw him hoisting the tricolour, 31 feet deep underwater with a team of seven ex-marine-commanders, 40kms away from Mumbai under a controlled atmosphere ‘as all MARCOS (marine commandoes) were above fifty,’ he says. A few years back he had conducted an underwater wedding as the ‘pandit reciting mantras,” says he smiling.

[caption id="attachment_28935" align="aligncenter" width="646"] Pravin as Santa Claus[/caption]

“Incidentally I am an award-winning Santa Claus and boast of at least half a dozen different Santa costumes – the best in the country, I assure you,” signs off the ex-naval officer who believes that makeup in whatever get-up you are in matters. “It should enhance the fun aspect instead of looking scary or evil.”

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Living the American Dream: Four Indians in Forbes USA’s 2023 richest self-made women list

(July 24, 2023) In a remarkable testament to ambition, perseverance, and unwavering determination, four extraordinary Indian-origin women who have shattered glass ceilings and emerged as beacons of success, are on the 2023 Forbes USA's richest self-made women list with a combined net worth of $4.06 billion. Their remarkable journey not only epitomises the spirit of the American dream but also serves as an inspiration to countless individuals striving to achieve success. With their ground-breaking achievements and indomitable spirit, the four trailblazing women have redefined the notion of what it means to be self-made in the fiercely competitive landscape of the United States.   Global Indian explores the noteworthy accomplishments of these visionary leaders, who have cemented their place among the most accomplished business leaders.  Jayshree Ullal   President and CEO, Arista Networks  Net worth: $2.2 Billion  Ever since assuming the role of CEO and president of Arista Networks in 2008, Jayshree Ullal has diligently cultivated the organisation into a global powerhouse in networking technology. Arista Networks, a nascent American computer networking start up with a modest workforce of merely 50 individuals and modest revenue, underwent a remarkable transformation under Jayshree's guidance, emerging as a preeminent market leader in open-source cloud software

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;335559740":259}"> 

Jayshree Ullal  

President and CEO, Arista Networks 

Net worth: $2.2 Billion 

Ever since assuming the role of CEO and president of Arista Networks in 2008, Jayshree Ullal has diligently cultivated the organisation into a global powerhouse in networking technology. Arista Networks, a nascent American computer networking start up with a modest workforce of merely 50 individuals and modest revenue, underwent a remarkable transformation under Jayshree's guidance, emerging as a preeminent market leader in open-source cloud software and ethernet switches.  

[caption id="attachment_42058" align="aligncenter" width="536"]Indian Leaders | Indian-origin women | Global Indian Jayshree Ullal[/caption]

In 2014, under her visionary leadership, the company successfully went public, launching its Initial Public Offering (IPO) on the esteemed New York Stock Exchange. Since then, Arista Networks has witnessed exponential growth, boasting an employee count nearing 3,000 and amassing an impressive revenue of more than $2.95 billion. “If you’re in engineering, you might have to learn some business. If you’re in computer science, you might want to learn something about data science and analytics. If you’re in marketing, you might study how lead generation is done today,” is her advice to people looking to achieve success and expand their horizons. The California-based business leader earned a BS degree from San Francisco State University and MS degree from Santa Clara University in the US. 

Neerja Sethi 

Co-founder, Syntel Inc.

Net worth: $990 Million 

Florida-based entrepreneur Neerja Sethi co-founded IT consulting and outsourcing firm Syntel Inc. in 1980 which had started operations from her apartment in Michigan in US. Today, Neerja is one of the most successful businesswomen who has built her identity in the American business world with great perseverance. In 2018, Atos SE, a French IT company bought Syntel for $3.4 billion making Neerja richer by an estimated $510 million for her stake in the company. 

[caption id="attachment_42055" align="aligncenter" width="549"]Indian Leaders | Indian-origin women | Global Indian Neerja Sethi[/caption]

Neerja did her bachelors in mathematics from Delhi University and earned a master's degree in computer science from Oakland University. She is married to Indian-origin US billionaire Bharat Desai who is also her business partner. A well-known philanthropist Neerja remarked, “Giving is not only about chequebooks. It’s about giving what you have – time, skill, compassion and experience. Share a part of who you are to make a difference to other people’s lives.” 

Neha Narkhede 

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The technology entrepreneur has left an indelible mark as the co-founder of Confluent, a prominent data streaming platform. While overseeing the remarkable growth of her startup, Neha has also ventured into the realm of investment and advisory roles, lending her expertise to esteemed companies like Gem, Block Party, Material Security, Abacus AI, Cortex Data, Yugabyte, Metaphor Data, Natalist, Common Room, and more, solidifying her reputation as a multi-faceted and astute businesswoman. Two years back, she also co-founded Oscilar, a company to make the internet safer by protecting online transactions. 

[caption id="attachment_42056" align="aligncenter" width="504"]Indian Leaders | Indian-origin women | Global Indian Neha Narkhede[/caption]

Headquartered in California, her organisation Confluent has become a global catalyst in helping numerous organizations process vast volumes of data through its innovative software platform, Apache Kafka. In a monumental stride, the company went public in June 2021, securing a valuation of an impressive $9.1 billion. “You should start a company when you feel that launching it is the only vehicle to see the change you want in the world,” she said in an interview. Neha holds a BE degree from Savitribai Phule Pune University and MS in Computer Science from Georgia Institute of Technology.  

Indra Nooyi 

Former chairperson and CEO, PepsiCo 

Net worth: $350 Million 

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[caption id="attachment_42057" align="aligncenter" width="538"]Indian Leaders | Indian-origin women | Global Indian Indra Nooyi[/caption]

Post retirement, Connecticut based Indra assumed a key role as the co-director of the newly established Connecticut Economic Resource Center. This innovative endeavour is a collaborative effort between the Connecticut Department of Economic and Community Development and private entities. Additionally, Indra serves as the co-chair of AdvanceCT, a non-profit organisation, further amplifying her commitment to the state's economic growth and development. Beyond her local involvement, Indra's expertise extends internationally as she serves as an esteemed corporate strategist for renowned brands. Indra earned a BS degree from Madras Christian College, MBA degree from IIM Calcutta and a master’s degree in private and public management from Yale School of Management. “Bring together what is good for business and what is good for the world,” Indra advises aspiring business leaders. 

Reading Time: 5 mins

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Priyamvada Natarajan: Meet the Indian woman on TIME’s 2024 list of 100 most influential people

(April 30, 2024) Enough has already been said and written about the Big Bang theory, and how from a single point, the universe expanded through the formation of stars and galaxies to the size that it is now. But for years, it's the science of black holes that has kept scientists, astronomers, and even physicists intrigued. One such name is Priyamvada Natarajan, who recently found her name on TIME Magazine's 2024 list of 100 most influential people for her research on the "invisible universe" – the black hole and its formation. The recognition left her stumped, so much so that she thought that it was spam mail. "When I heard from them (TIME Magazine), I thought something was wrong. Although I wrote to them saying that 'I am super grateful and really stunned' but thought is this for real," she said in an interview, as she found herself featured alongside Microsoft CEO Satya Nthadella, World Bank President Ajay Banga, actor Alia Bhatt and Olympian wrestler Sakshi Malik. Thrilled to be at the #TIME100 Summit - wow! It finally feels real - how wonderful to be in the incredible company of brilliant thoughtful empathetic people impacting the world in their own

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Summit - wow! It finally feels real - how wonderful to be in the incredible company of brilliant thoughtful empathetic people impacting the world in their own unique way - so honored and humbled 🙏 @TIME pic.twitter.com/aPA4oHmfT4

— Priyamvada Natarajan (@SheerPriya) April 24, 2024

Her interest in stars and the universe

Born in Tamil Nadu and raised in Delhi, Priyamvada was obsessed with maps while growing up. She would devour every atlas that she could lay her hand on, and she credits her family for her curiosity to learn. "I grew up in a house full of books and got enormous support and encouragement from my parents," she revealed.

[caption id="attachment_51135" align="aligncenter" width="688"]Priyamvada Natarjan | Global Indian Priyamvada Natarajan[/caption]

Interested in the stars and the universe since her school days, she started doing research at the Nehru Planetarium in Delhi. But in the late 80s with only limited options for research, she left for the US to pursue her undergrad degree in physics and mathematics from MIT. She later enrolled in theoretical astrophysics at the Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, receiving a Ph.D degree in 1998, where she was the first woman in Astrophysics to be elected a Fellow at Trinity College.

Working on invisible universe

Over the years, she did extensive work in the field of gravitational lensing, clusters of galaxies, and binary black holes. Currently a professor of Astronomy and Physics at Yale University, she has been interested in the components of the universe that are invisible. "You can't actually see them and study them like stars and galaxies that have visible light. These entities are dark matter, dark energy, and black holes. So, you infer their presence indirectly from their gravitational effects that they actually exert around their vicinity," she said.

In November 2023, she along with her colleagues at Yale identified the oldest known X-ray quasar (highly luminous supermassive black hole). For years, scientists have been mulling over the formation of super-big black holes in the middle of most galaxies. More than a decade ago, she had reasoned that they started when clouds of gas collapsed and made huge black hole "seeds." These seeds then grew over billions of years inside their galaxies. But with the identification of the oldest quasar, her theory was proven true. “It’s thrilling to be able to reveal the presence of a supermassive black hole, in place at the center of a galaxy a mere 450 million years after the Big Bang," she said.

Thrilled and deeply satisfied at this awesome discovery of UHZ1 that provides compelling evidence for the existence of direct collapse black holes - nature has more than one way to make the first seed black holeshttps://t.co/O3oCCne4oX

— Priyamvada Natarajan (@SheerPriya) March 12, 2024

Praising her work, American astrophysicist Shep Doeleman wrote in the TIME article, "Priya has a knack for pursuing the most creative research, and as a fellow astronomer, I am always inspired by her work. Her latest result takes us one step closer to understanding our cosmic beginnings."

Getting recognition for her work

Priyamvada, who has earned various honours including a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the American Physical Society, and the American Association for the Advancement of Science, is the author of Mapping the Heavens: The Radical Scientific Ideas That Reveal the Cosmos (2016).

[caption id="attachment_51137" align="aligncenter" width="680"]Priyamvada Natarajan | Global Indian Priyamvada Natarajan[/caption]

On being recognised as one of the 100 influential people, Priyamvada said it's an honour and a privilege. "It sends a message that people working in science can be seen as influential, and that is very gratifying."

Priyamvada Natarajan's groundbreaking work in the field of black hole formation has not only deepened our understanding of the cosmos but has also earned her a well-deserved spot on TIME's list of the 100 most influential people. Her innovative ideas and contributions have propelled her to the forefront of astronomy, making her a household name among scientists and enthusiasts alike. As we continue to unravel the mysteries of the universe, Natarajan's work serves as a beacon of inspiration and discovery, shaping the future of astrophysics for generations to come.

Follow Priyamvada Natarajan on X

Story
Birubala Rabha: The feminist crusader who took on witch-hunting in Assam

(October 1, 2024) Dharmeswar was burning with fever, his skin hot to the touch. His stomach cramped violently, and waves of nausea left him unable to eat. His mother, Birubala Rabha, was beside herself with worry. Their family was poor, and access to medical help was nearly impossible in the remote, Assamese village of Thakur Billa, where the family lived. As was the norm, the parents carried their son, Dharmeswar, who was also mentally ill, to the local traditional healer. They were told that their son had been "possessed by and had married a fairy, who was also pregnant with his child. When the child was born, the quack said, Dharmeswar would die. He was given three days to live. His heartbroken mother, Birubala Rabha, was left to prepare for her profound loss. Fortunately, Dharmeswar long outlived his three-day deadline. However, his mother Birubala did not want to let the suffering heaped upon her go in vain. With a tiny frame, a girlish laugh and a heart of fire, Birubala Rabha became a one-woman army for the voiceless tribal women in Assam. Her fight was a tough one - she took on the local quacks who held sway over communities

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way over communities through fear and superstition and a society that did not want to accept the truth. But most importantly, she took on the women themselves, once remarking that women can be their their own worst enemies. During her lifetime, she has rescued around 60 women from witch-hunts across Assam, and travelled the state to spread awareness, becoming instrumental in 2015 legislation which criminalised witch-hunting. The Global Indian was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize (although this didn’t affect her much), and in 2021, received the Padma Shri from the government of India.

[caption id="attachment_57169" align="aligncenter" width="485"]Birubala Rabha | Witchcraft in Assam | Global Indian Birubala Rabha[/caption]

Victim to fighter

After seeing her son and her brother become victims of these quacks, Birubala Rabha realised they were nonsensical at best, and dangerous at worst. But what could Birubala Rabha do? She had known nothing but poverty and deprivation, all her life. Born in 1954 in Thakur Billa, her father died when she was six years old, and the young girl had to drop out of school to help her mother run the house. At the age of 15, she was married off to a farmer, with whom she had three children. After her marriage, she stayed at home, weaving and looking after the kids.

Moreover, there was a time when even Birubala believed there was truth in these witch hunting claims. However, when she heard that a number of women had been branded witches in a neighbouring village, she couldn't sit in silence any longer. "That is when I woke up. I went to the village and found that the women had been abused and were on the verge of being thrown out," Birubala told the BBC. "I met the local leaders and related the story of my son. I told them there were no witches in this world, and the women should not be harassed."

Fighting the witch-hunters

When she began her activism, nobody wanted to take her seriously, but Birubala Rabha was a woman with a mission. Moreover, it was her own gender that suffered the most due these oppressive beliefs (ironically, the Rabhas have a matriarchal society).

Birubala's views made her the object of ridicule. Even her family faced the consequences, and found themselves isolated by their community at home but they stood fiercely by her, joining forces with Mission Birubala to spread awareness. The hill tribes of Assam, the Rabha being one of them, continue to hold a strong belief in magic, witchcraft and animistic rituals. Mysterious or sudden illnesses, especially among children or livestock, are blamed on witches. So are natural disasters, epidemics, and even family disputes. Older women, widows and even women who live alone are usually the targets of witch-hunts, especially if they are seen as socially isolated or 'strange'. And it's the traditional healers or quacks, who dole out advice on everything from illnesses to family disputes, are responsible for perpetuating this system of magical thinking.

A woman on a mission

Birubala abandoned her post at the homestead and began her travels as a crusader. She formed the out Thakurvila Mahila Samity, a woman's association to raise awareness of various social hills, witch-hunting included.  She spoke at meetings, she held awareness camps and went to schools to teach children about the dangers of superstition and the fallacies of witchcraft. She even stormed police stations, demanding that they protect women from this endless witch-hunting. "Women have to fight against superstitions, women have to be vigilant. When you become sick, go to a doctor, not a quack," she has proclaimed. "Don't have blind belief in rituals and worships... Women can sometimes be their own worst enemy."

In 2006, Birubala became involved with the Assam Mahila Samata Society. Five years later, she founded Mission Birubala, a non-profit that comprised social activists, survivors and lawyers. Like the Thakur Billa Mahila Samiti, the aim of the non-profit was to educate and spread awareness against witch hunting, and also to support and protect both survivors and potential victims of witch hunts. Birubala soon observed that witch-hunts mostly target poor women, and superstition was merely a weapon to get rid of people in order to grab their land and properties. Jealousy of someone else's success, property disputes and even resentment of women who did not appear to conform were all triggers.

In 2013, Birubala arrived in Majuli, the world's largest river island, where 35 women had been branded as witches. They had paid huge sums of money to the local quack, who had prmised to "get rid of the devil' - it was either that, or leave the village entirely. "We went to the police, invoked the law, and saved the women. Then we found that this was a money-making racket run by the local quack," Birubala said later. According to the BBC, one victim, Podumi Rabha, had been branded a witch because her husband's pharmacy was threatening the quack's business. "They will always find new reasons to brand owmen as witches," Birubala said. "But don't be scared. Challenge the offenders and report them to the police. This battle is not going to end anytime soon."

Victories, big and small

After years of hard work, much of which brought her ridicule within her community, Birubala's efforts paid off - she has rescued dozens of women from witch-hunts. At the time of her death in 2024, that number stood at 55.

Her biggest victory, however, is the enactment of the Assam Witch Hunting Act of 2015. Now, every offence related to witch-hunting is cognizable, non-bailable and non-compoundable, and comes with a maximum imprisonment of seven years. Birubala Rabha was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize in 2005, and received an Honorary Doctorate from Guwahati University. In 2021, she was conferred with the Padma Shri.

[caption id="attachment_57170" align="aligncenter" width="422"]Birubala Rabha | Witchcraft in Assam | Padma Shri Global Indian Birubala Rabha receives the Padma Shri from former President Ram Nath Kovind[/caption]

Birubala Rabha passed away in May 2024, after a three-year long battle with cancer of the oesophagus. She was 70 years old. Her passing was mourned widely, and Assam CM Himanta Biswa Sarma expressed his condolences on social media. "Through her untiring efforts to end social evils, she illuminated the paths of scores of women with hope and confidence,' he wrote.

She is survived by her son and brother, both of whom are victims of witch-hunting also. However, they continue to fearlessly lead Mission Birubala, and although they still face extreme hostility, they are determined to keep fighting. They know that's what Birubala Rabha would have done.

 

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About Global Indian

Global Indian – a Hero’s Journey is an online publication which showcases the journeys of Indians who went abroad and have had an impact on India. 

These journeys are meant to inspire and motivate the youth to aspire to go beyond where they were born in a spirit of adventure and discovery and return home with news ideas, capital or network that has an impact in some way for India.

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