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Economist | Dr. Aaron
Global IndianstoryEconomist Aaron Chatterji: Elevating USA’s trajectory to new heights
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Economist Aaron Chatterji: Elevating USA’s trajectory to new heights

Written by: Namrata Srivastava

(December 23, 2023) The landscape of global economics is ever-evolving, and individuals like Dr. Aaron “Ronnie” Chatterji, an Indian American, are at the forefront of shaping its direction. Dr. Chatterji, with his rich background in economics, has played a crucial role in the Obama Administration as a senior economist. His expertise has also been sought after by President Joe Biden, particularly in navigating the challenges of the global microchips shortage.

Economist | Dr. Aaron "Ronnie" Chatterji | Global Indian

Dr. Aaron “Ronnie” Chatterji at The Fuqua School of Business at Duke University in Durham, NC

Under the Biden administration, Dr. Chatterji has overseen several key initiatives, notably the groundbreaking $50 billion investment in the semiconductor industry through the CHIPS and Science Act. He is set to resume his role as a business professor at Duke University. Renowned as a Global Indian, Dr. Chatterji has been instrumental in advancing the United States’ supply chains, enhancing national security, and generating employment nationwide. His leadership has led to innovative methods of understanding entrepreneurship, developing creative policy ideas to leverage technology for a brighter global future, and documenting the rise of CEO activists and their impact on governance.

Aiming for the stars

A self-proclaimed ‘nerd’, Dr. Chatterji was an enthusiastic kid who loved numbers. Growing up as an immigrant, the economist always dreamt of making a career in the field of commerce. Talking about his growing up years in Upstate New York, the economist shared, “I didn’t really think much about how fortunate my parents were. They were both teachers working for the state, which meant they had good healthcare. Looking back, this played a big role in why I decided to enter the world of public office in North Carolina.”

Economist | Dr. Aaron "Ronnie" Chatterji | Global Indian

After completing his school, the economist went on to earn a B.A. in Economics from Cornell University in 2000. Later, he pursued his Ph.D. from the University of California, which he received in 2006. His main area of research focussed on entrepreneurship, innovation, and corporate social responsibility. The results of his scholarly efforts have been featured in leading publications within the fields of strategic management, economics, finance, and organisational studies. The same year, Dr. Chatterji moved to North Carolina to teach at Duke’s business school, where he worked at the intersection of academia, policy, and business, investigating the most important forces shaping the economy and society.

With prior experience as a financial analyst at Goldman Sachs and a term membership with the Council on Foreign Relations, Chatterji’s accomplishments have garnered several accolades. Among these, he has received the Rising Star Award from the Aspen Institute, the Emerging Scholar Award presented by the Strategic Management Society, and the prestigious 2017 Kauffman Prize Medal for Exceptional Research in Entrepreneurship.

Right at the top

While he was enjoying his time teaching and grooming the next generation of economists, a turning point came when he was appointed as a senior economist on President Barack Obama’s Council of Economic Advisers, in 2010. The economist shifted to Washington, D.C. to work out of the White House, where his work concentrated on policies concerning entrepreneurship, innovation, infrastructure, and economic growth. It was around the same time that Dr. Chatterji held the role of Research Associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research and also that of a visiting Associate Professor at The Harvard Business School.

During his first tenure at the White House, the economist authored numerous op-ed articles in the New York Times and the Wall Street Journal, among them influential essays that introduced the notion of CEO activism in collaboration with co-author Michael Toffel. He composed extensively for both management and policy readerships, with a series of recent contributions to the Harvard Business Review and the Brookings Institution. He is also the author of the acclaimed book, Can Business Save the Earth? Innovating Our Way to Sustainability.

Economist | Dr. Aaron "Ronnie" Chatterji | Global Indian

Dr. Chatterji with his family

Dr. Chatterji became the chief economist at the Commerce Department only a few months into Biden’s term and transitioned to the NEC (National Economic Council) the previous year, assuming the role of White House Coordinator for CHIPS (Creating Helpful Incentives to Produce Semiconductors) Implementation. He also oversaw the implementation of the Science Act, which aims to boost domestic research and manufacturing of semiconductors in the United States to give the country a competitive edge on the world stage. “I oversaw the tasks of the CHIPS Implementation Steering Council, collaborating closely with the National Security Council, the Office of Science and Technology Policy, the Department of Commerce, and the Steering Council itself to guarantee efficient interagency synchronisation,” the economist said.

The economist, who lives with his wife Neely and three children in Durham, now plans on spending a few years teaching at Duke University, while also working on a new book.

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  • Aaron Chatterji
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Published on 23, Dec 2023

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Scientist B. Jayant Baliga is shaping the future of electrical engineering

(March 19, 2024) The first TV broadcast into a home in India occurred in his house. So, it is quite natural for people to presume that Dr. B. Jayant Baliga would focus on computers in the future. However, the scientist created something that combined two related fields: electronics engineering and electrical engineering. This invention was the IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor), a type of switch similar to those found in homes. However, Dr. Baliga's version is incredibly small, can switch on and off 100,000 times per second, and can handle very high voltage power. Known as one of the most brilliant minds in the sphere of electrical engineering, the scholar is also a recipient of the Global Energy Prize, 2015 for the invention, development, and commercialisation of IGBT, which is one of the most important innovations for the control and distribution of energy. "Recently I was inducted into the Inventor’s Hall of Fame and they declared me as the man with the ‘largest negative carbon footprint’ due to the impact of IGBTs on the energy systems and power electronics. Each of these is special in their own right. This latest one credits me as the sole inventor of IGBTs, and

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declared me as the man with the ‘largest negative carbon footprint’ due to the impact of IGBTs on the energy systems and power electronics. Each of these is special in their own right. This latest one credits me as the sole inventor of IGBTs, and hence it is special," Dr. Baliga shared in an interview.

The scientist's most famous invention is used worldwide in various applications such as air conditioning systems, household appliances like dishwashers, mixers, and refrigerators, factory automation including robotics, medical equipment like CAT scanners and uninterruptible power supplies, public electric transport and hybrid cars, engine control systems, vehicle electronics, as well as in mobile phones, laptops, and server CPUs.

Born for science

Born in Madras, India, in 1948, Dr. Baliga grew up in various cities. His father Bantwal Vittal Manjunath Baliga, was one of India's first electrical engineers in the days before independence and founding President of the Indian branch of the Institute of Radio Engineers, which later became the IEEE in India. Remembering the time when the first Indian TV was broadcast from his house, the scientist shared, "My father, was chief engineer of All India Radio after Independence. There was an exhibition in Delhi in the 1950s where they were using All India Radio’s setup of a camera and a transmitter to show a TV telecast within the exhibition premises. My father wanted to test if the signal could be received at a farther distance." He had a television set installed at his house at Teen Murti Marg. “It caused quite a sensation in the neighbourhood,” he added.

[caption id="attachment_50143" align="aligncenter" width="750"]Scientist | Dr. B. Jayant Baliga | Global Indian A young Dr. Baliga soon after shifting to the USA[/caption]

This experience pushed him to pursue a career in engineering, and after completing his school, the scientist enrolled at the Indian Institute of Technology (Madras), for a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering. Speaking about his experience at the institute, the scientist said, "IIT is a phenomenal place to give you a foundation, where you are given a broad coverage of topics in every branch. Back in my time, there were no electives, and every batch had to go through a compulsory set of courses. But they were so chosen that we received an all-round training in materials, electronics, maths, physics, chemistry, etc. And this really helps when you work in research by enabling you to think in an interdisciplinary way. So, this helped me a lot when I went to the US."

ALSO READ | Dr. Kaushik Rajashekara is working on futuristic machines

The scientist has always credited the institute for his success in the field. And thus, years later, he made some significant donations to IIT, Madras. "IIT Madras is always a special place and has helped me greatly. To give back to it, I have donated it to the institute to give scholarships to students from the money I received along with the Global Energy Prize and other such prizes," he said.

Scientist | Dr. B. Jayant Baliga | Global Indian

After his graduation, Dr. Baliga moved to the United States of America to pursue higher studies. Interestingly, the scientist had trouble getting financial aid while pursuing his graduate studies and was very apprehensive about his abilities to cope with the academic rigours in the USA. "I ended up proving them wrong by scoring a perfect 4.0 GPA and getting the best Ph.D. medal from the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in New York City.

The genius

From 1974 to 1988, Dr. Baliga conducted several research projects at General Electric's R&D Center in Schenectady, New York. Leading a team of 40 scientists, they focused on power semiconductors and high-voltage integrated circuits. At that time, the transistor, which is essential for computers, had already been discovered and put into use. Dr. Baliga aimed to create a semiconductor device capable of controlling heavy-duty equipment such as compact fluorescent lights, air conditioners, and electric motors.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YkvrcXF9ooE

During that period, companies such as GE and Westinghouse were advancing their bipolar transistors for high-power applications. Meanwhile, another group, spearheaded by Siliconix and International Rectifier, was working on a different type of transistor known as the power MOSFET. And it was the scientist who thought of combining the physics of the two. “There was a vice president in GE who was developing a heat pump for air-conditioning applications. He was frustrated that the exiting transistors were failing and that the circuit needed to drive the motor pump was too big, expensive, and very cumbersome to assemble,” the Global Indian said.

ALSO READ | Meet the Gordon Prize winner, Indian-American scholar Dr. Azad Madni

The legend

The scientist is single-handedly responsible for cost savings of over $15 trillion for consumers. “Because of the IGBT the world has not had to build at least 600 hydroelectric dams of the size of the Hoover Dam in Nevada," shared the scientist. His contributions in the field have won him many recognitions including the 1991 IEEE Newell Award, 1993 IEEE Morris N Liebmann Memorial Award, 1998 IEEE JJ Ebers Award, and 1999 IEEE Lamme Medal. In 2011, the scientist was awarded the National Medal of Technology and Innovation, the highest award for an engineer in the USA by US President Barack Obama.

Scientist | Dr. B. Jayant Baliga | Global Indian

"Something I never dreamt of as an immigrant coming here with, as I said, about eight dollars in my pocket and a suitcase. To end up in the White House with the President honouring you is just incredible. Unfortunately, my parents were not alive when that happened. And also the IEEE Medal of Honor, for example, that’s much later, 2014. They passed away in the 1990s," the scientist expressed.

Currently serving as the Distinguished University Professor of Electrical Engineering and founding director of NC State University’s Power Semiconductor Research Center, Dr. Baliga is also the founder of three companies, that aim to license and commercialise his inventions: Giant Semiconductor Corporation, Micro-Ohm Corporation, Silicon Wireless Corporation (later renamed to Silicon Semiconductor Corporation).

  • Follow Dr. B. Jayant Baliga on his blog

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Inspiring young minds: Dr. Balasubramanian Ramani is building bridges between India and Germany

(July 4, 2022) About 10 minutes into the interview, I asked Dr. Balasubramanian Ramani what drew him to pursue a degree in zoology. "It was actually cricket," he said. When I asked him if he was talking about cricket 'the game', the scholar laughed and added, "Yes. Not unlike other kids in India, I grew up playing cricket. No matter how busy I was with my studies, I would always find time to play the game. I was a part of my school team, and eventually, I played for the district. After I finished my XII standard, I wasn't so sure about what next, but I knew that I had to join a University that had a good cricket team, so that I can continue playing." His start might have been unusual, but it was cricket that set this scholar on a path to glory. Today, a member of staff of Leibniz University of Hannover (LUH), Germany, Dr. Balasubramanian Ramani is the founder of Indian Association Hannover, an initiative that has attracted numerous members of all ages, organises many events and provides support with administrative aspects, doctor's appointments or childcare issues. The Global Indian, who is also a member of

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University of Hannover (LUH), Germany, Dr. Balasubramanian Ramani is the founder of Indian Association Hannover, an initiative that has attracted numerous members of all ages, organises many events and provides support with administrative aspects, doctor's appointments or childcare issues. The Global Indian, who is also a member of the Hannover Mitte district council of the Social Democratic Party and acts as an advisory member in the international committee of the city of Hannover, was awarded the coveted Pravasi Bharatiya Samman Award for his work in the field of collaboration between India and Germany. "I am glad that I could extend my stay at the Institute of Botany in Hannover, which allowed me to expand my exciting field of work at the International Office of LUH" the scholar said.

An academic marvel

Born and brought up in a small village in Tamil Nadu, Dr. Ramani's life was surrounded by lush green forest. "I was born in a small village called Kalancheri, in the Thanjavur district. I still vividly remember my time there, and whenever I go to India even now, I try to be involved in the various activities - be it agriculture, land, or anything else," said the scholar, adding, "My family also runs a school, which celebrated its 100 years in 2019; I am taking care of the school now."

Scholar | Dr. Balasubramanian Ramani | Global Indian

"Not the brightest child in the classroom," in his word, it was his father who inspired Dr. Balasubramanian Ramani to study biology, which later helped him carve his career path. "My father is a veterinary doctor. We owned about 10 cows and I grew up around various animals. I would join my father during his visits to the sick animal and observe how gently he took care of them. So I was drawn to biology," shared the scholar, who earned a Gold medal during his undergraduate course in zoology at Bharathidasan University in 1997.

With a plan to continue to be with his friends, Dr. Ramani joined Annamalai University, the same year to pursue a post-graduate course in marine biology and oceanography. And this proved to be a turning point for him. "It was after joining the course that I realised how interesting life beneath oceans is. We would often visit the ocean and also go for scuba diving to collect samples - and it was quite a breathtaking view. My teachers motivated me a lot and that was when I started working on my thesis - Desalinization of seawater using cyanobacterium - which won the Best Student Project that year," the scholar said.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CXX28fkkePY

After finishing his master's in 1999, Dr. Ramani - a little unsure about what next - took the advice of one of his professors about his future. "About two or three months after I finished my master's, I received a call from a professor of mine saying that he had received an invitation letter from a German University, for a student who would be interested to do a Ph.D. training. He informed me that he thought that I was the best candidate and he had already given his acceptance on my behalf for the project," he shared, adding, "When your guru says something, you have to do it. And so I started packing up and a few weeks later I arrived in Germany."

The Deutschland

It was the first time that this village lad had taken a flight, but a greater challenge awaited him when descended in Germany. Shared the scholar, "I didn't know that language - and that is a huge barrier for anyone. I knew English, but not a single word in German. The other thing that I had to deal with was the harsh German winter. I had landed there in January and while I knew about the weather, nothing prepares you for the winter here."

Braving the odds, Dr. Balasubramanian Ramani joined the Leibniz University of Hannover to pursue his Ph.D. in marine botany with a scholarship from the state of Lower Saxony. "My initial plan was that I would take the one-year training in Germany and then fly back to India to pursue my Ph.D. However, the professors here requested me to continue my work there, and so I stayed back. I worked on marine cyanobacterium, also called blue-green algae, which are an ancient group of photosynthetic microbes that occur in most inland waters and that can have major effects on the water quality and functioning of aquatic ecosystems," he said.

[caption id="attachment_41045" align="aligncenter" width="606"]Scholar | Dr. Balasubramanian Ramani | Global Indian Dr. Ramani with S. Jaishankar, Minister of External Affairs of India[/caption]

While he stayed back for his Ph.D., Dr. Ramani had planned that he would return to his homeland after earning his doctorate. A plan that failed due to a natural calamity. "I planned that I would return soon after I receive my degree - which was in 2004. However, during the same time that I was to return the tsunami in the Indian Ocean destroyed large parts of my institute where I was to continue my work," said the scholar, who joined the Leibniz University's Office for International Affairs. He assumed a permanent role in the University in 2011 and has been the regional coordinator for Indian/South Asian as well as African students. In the last few years, the scholar has been able to significantly expand the cooperation between the LUH and universities and research institutions in India.

Community before self

Dr. Ramani initiated a program in 2010 at LUH in collaboration with the Indian Council for Cultural Relations (ICCR), facilitating a rotational exchange of chairs between Indian and German professors. During the same year, he played a pivotal role in establishing the Centre for Modern Indian Studies (CMIS) at the University of Cologne. This center was dedicated to fostering Indo-German research on Vocational Education and Training, and it received funding from the German Ministry of Education and Research.

Scholar | Global Indian

"We focussed on the apprenticeship education or vocational training in Germany for these young foreign students. Germany had its own successful model, called the dual system through which students spend three days in class and two days on the field every week. I wanted the same exposure for the kids who were coming from India to have similar experiences and learn better," shared the scholar.

Dr. Ramani established the Indian Student Association in Germany in 2015, receiving a recommendation from the Indian Embassy in Berlin. He is also the founder of the Young Professionals Platform for Agricultural Research for Development (YPARD), which is funded by the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC), the Government of Switzerland. "As the Global Coordinator of YPARD, I had the opportunity to travel to over 33 countries, where I personally established a platform aimed at inspiring young professionals to address global agricultural challenges. Additionally, I successfully negotiated for YPARD's inclusion as a part of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organisation."

Scholar | Global Indian

Devoted to helping students, Dr. Balasubramanian Ramani has been supporting African higher education institutions through capacity-building activities for students in writing research projects, arranging contacts with prospective professors for research projects, and also providing small financial support for projects. "The best way the world can develop today is by sharing the knowledge base. We need to create an environment where all the students, across the globe, can access the information and knowledge that will help them grow," said the scholar as he signed off.

  • Follow Dr. Balasubramanian Ramani on LinkedIn, Twitter, and his website

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The rise and rise of Rishi Sunak

(October 26, 2022) "Trust is earned and I will earn yours," said Rishi Sunak, soon after being sworn-in as the Prime Minister of the UK. It's cause for celebration by Asians the world over. Understandably so - it's an accomplishment with many firsts (he is the first Hindu and the first person of colour to hold the PM's office. He is also the youngest and richest ever). Poetic justice has definitely been served. Although his family's connections with Africa go back two generations, Rishi has never doubted that his roots are truly Indian. Having grown up in the UK, Rishi found success soon after college, working with two hedge funds and going on to become partner at one.Still, he left it all behind to head for the sunny, very promising California climes, where he quickly a name for himself with hedge funds and to graduate as a Fulbright Scholar from Stanford University, where he would also meet his wife, Akshata. Despite a life of privilege (which has caused controversy), Rishi has hardly been the man to choose the easy way - whether it's taking off across the Atlantic or choosing to enter politics as a Conservative candidate. His first bid

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choosing to enter politics as a Conservative candidate. His first bid for Prime Minister was thwarted by Liz Truss although he burst back onto the scene with the overwhelming support of 190 MPs. As congratulations pour in from around the world, Global Indian takes a look at his journey.

From Africa to the UK

For Rishi, it has been a long way here, a journey that began with his grandparents, who left India in search of a better life nearly a century ago. His parents were both born in Africa-  his father in Kenya and his mother in Tanganyika, which later became part of Tanzania. It was part of a long and shared history - after the creation of the East African Protectorate in 1885, many Indians migrated there. Both regions were under British control at the time.

This symbiosis didn't last long, with vast numbers of Indians leaving East Africa in the second half of the 20th century. Politics had changed and Idi Amin's expulsion of the Indian minority from Uganda made life very difficult for the diaspora, who packed up their bags and moved. In 1966, Rishi's maternal grandfather Raghubir Sain Berry set off to the UK with his family. His wife sold her wedding jewellery to fund that trip.

Rishi's father went on to study medicine at the University of Liverpool while his mother studied pharmacy at Aston University. Rishi, who even did a stint waiting tables at an Indian restaurant, has spoken often of the sacrifices his parents made. "But it was Britain, our country that gave them, and millions like them, the chances of a better future."

Warmest congratulations @RishiSunak! As you become UK PM, I look forward to working closely together on global issues, and implementing Roadmap 2030. Special Diwali wishes to the 'living bridge' of UK Indians, as we transform our historic ties into a modern partnership.

— Narendra Modi (@narendramodi) October 24, 2022

Early days 

A glowing article in The Tatler describes Rishi Sunak from his days waiting tables at an Indian 'curry house' named Kuti Miah. The restaurant's owner was friends with Rishi's parents, Yashvir and Usha. Which is not to say that Rishi Sunak comes with a tear-jerker of a rags-to-riches, immigrant in the UK origin story. Far from it. Born to a physician father, Yashvir, while his mother, Usha, ran a pharmacy, his life was decidedly upper-middle class.

Still, even if there are doubts raised about his privileged upbringing, Rishi's capability as a leader is well-known and greatly appreciated among his party MPs. In 2015, he made his political debut by winning the constituency of Richmond, North Yorkshire, in the general elections. Despite early hurdles, he was quickly picked out as a rising star - according to The Tatler, this quality was spotted early on, even by his former boss at Kuti Miah. That year, in 1998, as the then 18-year-old Rishi was all set to enter Oxford University, his boss remarked, "You're going to be someone, Rishi." Sure enough, the fiercely patriotic young man, who grew up, thanks to his parents, immersed in the local community, never looked back.

His broad grin, which he flashes generously, belies the seriousness that lies beneath - Rishi's flawless record goes back a long way, he was Head Boy at Winchester College, an independent boarding school for boys and also editor of the school paper. He went on to read Philosophy, Politics and Economics at Lincoln College, Oxford, where he first dipped his toe in politics, as an intern at the Conservative Campaign Headquarters. He graduated in 2001, which was also the year he gave the fateful interview about his 'working class friends' to Middle Classes: Their Rise and Sprawl.

California dreaming

After graduating from Oxford in 2002, Rishi joined Goldman Sachs, where he worked for three years as an analyst. Then, he worked with The Children's Investment Fund Management, a hedge fund firm and became a partner in 2006. After he moved to California, he worked in hedge funds and experienced the buzz of genius and enterprise that comes with being in the Silicon Valley. Eventually, he went to Stanford University for his MBA. Those were golden days in sunny California, a love affair that hasn't quite died out for Rishi Sunak.

Appearing on the BBC's Sunday with Laura Kuennsberg, he said, "You make the point about California. I have lived and worked in California and I actually think it's one of the reasons I would be good at this job.

Rishi went on to reflect on the "culture" of enterprise he witnessed during his two years living on the West Coast. "I think it's incredibly inspiring and empowering. If I was a young person, I'd want to go and do something like that." Rishi went on to add, causing some controversy as he geared up for the Prime Ministerial race that Liz Truss went on to win, that he will not rule out moving to his Santa Monica home if he loses the election.

Meeting Akshata Murthy 

[caption id="attachment_31061" align="aligncenter" width="379"] Rishi Sunak and Akshata Murthy at their Bengaluru wedding in 2009[/caption]

The first time they met, Rishi said in an interview, he knew there was "clearly something." Akshata, the daughter of Indian billionaire and Infosys co-founder Narayana Murty was in Stanford University too and Rishi recalls re-arranging his schedule to take the same classes so he could "sit next to her." The couple married in 2009.

In a poignant letter to his daughter in 2016, Narayana Murty describes coming to terms with the man who stole his daughter's heart. "I, too, was a little sad and jealous when you told us you had found your life partner. But when I met Rishi and found him to be all that you had described him to be-brilliant, handsome, and, most importantly, honest-l understood why you let your heart be stolen. It was then that I reconciled to sharing your affections with him," he wrote. Akshata continues to manage her father's venture capital firm, Catamaran Ventures in the UK and together, the couple are the 222nd richest people in Britain, with a combined net worth of GBP 730 million as of 2022.

The political route 

 Rishi's entry into politics began in 2015 when he won the constituency of Richmond, North Yorkshire in the general elections, becoming the Conservative Party's rising star almost instantly. His entry, however, was not well-received by other conservative candidates, who resented this apparent upstart claiming territory they believed to be theirs. His victory was even more noteworthy because he contested "as a rank outsider," according to the Business Standard, "in the 97 percent white, prosperous rural Conservative bastion of Richmond in Yorkshire, where, the joke goes, there has been no immigration since the Norman conquest in 1066." However, his right-wing economic views - Rishi is an enthusiastic believer in free markets and a vocal critic of Brexit - helped him secure a historic win.

In 2018, Rishi was inducted in the UK government by then British Prime Minister Theresa May. Then 37-years-old, Rishi was a Conservative party MP (Richmond, Yorkshire) with great promise, entering the government as the parliamentary-under-secretary of state in the Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government. Incidentally, he was joined by another Indian-origin MP, also a pro-Brexit campaigner - Suella Braverman, who was Suella Fernandes at the time.

 Rishi went on to make several contributions in the House of Commons, on issues like digital economy, social mobility and foreign direct investment.  "From working in my mum's tiny chemist shop to my experience building large businesses, I have seen how we should support free enterprise and innovation to ensure Britain has a stronger future," Rishi told the media back in 2018.

[caption id="attachment_31063" align="aligncenter" width="744"] Rishi Sunak with his family[/caption]

The Conservative man of colour 

As a conservative candidate of colour, Rishi's position is always likely to be precarious. Will he usher in a post-race era, or speak up for the hyper-local, ethnic problems that minorities face in the UK? Always fiercely patriotic, his loyalty to the UK cannot be called into question. However, he remarked, to the Business Standard, "British Indian is what I tick on the census, we have a category for it. I am thoroughly British, this is my home and my country, but my religious and cultural heritage is Indian, my wife is Indian. I am open about being a Hindu." Although he is given to phrases like "oh crikey," he does speak a smattering of Hindi and Punjabi.

Making history 

In 2019, Rishi became the first Indian-origin to be named Chancellor of the Exchequer, taking over 11 Downing Street as one of the most powerful people in England. His term was, admittedly, fraught with controversy - he was charged with breaking lockdown laws, for instance. Finally, Akshata stepped in, saying she would pay the taxes, not because she had to because she “wanted” to do so.

On July 5, 2022, Rishi resigned from his post as Chancellor of the Exchequer, withdrawing support from PM Boris Johnson over a sexual harassment scandal within the government. He contested then as something of an underdog, with Liz Truss eventually being named the Prime Minister. He tenure was short-lived and tumultuous and on October 25, Rishi Sunak, who stood unopposed, was named the Prime Minister –in-waiting of the UK. Perhaps Rishi will have his own chance at rewriting history after all.

Follow Rishi on Instagram

Reading Time: 7 mins

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Google’s $100 million man: YouTube names Neal Mohan as CEO

February 18, 2023) In 2011, Twitter was in turmoil. They needed someone to revamp the product and bring in advertisers - a chief product officer, essentially. Board member David Rosenblatt had just the man in mind: Neal Mohan. So, in 2013, Twitter made him an offer and it seemed like things were going according to plan. Then Neal said no. Google had written him a big, fat cheque - $100 million in stock options, to be exact.  Neal Mohan, the man described by Richard Frankel, his former boss, as a "high-end customer support representative," was now Silicon Valley's most valuable asset. And clearly, he has lived up to expectations. On February 17, when Susan Wojcicki announced that she was stepping down, Indian-American Neal Mohan was appointed as YouTube's new CEO. The Global Indian joins the growing list of Indian-Americans at the helm of US' big tech corporations. Thank you, @SusanWojcicki. It's been amazing to work with you over the years. You've built YouTube into an extraordinary home for creators and viewers. I'm excited to continue this awesome and important mission. Looking forward to what lies ahead... https://t.co/Rg5jXv1NGb — Neal Mohan (@nealmohan) February 16, 2023 Life as YouTube's Chief Product Officer

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SusanWojcicki?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@SusanWojcicki. It's been amazing to work with you over the years. You've built YouTube into an extraordinary home for creators and viewers. I'm excited to continue this awesome and important mission. Looking forward to what lies ahead... https://t.co/Rg5jXv1NGb

— Neal Mohan (@nealmohan) February 16, 2023

Life as YouTube's Chief Product Officer

He's more than earned his stripes. Ever since he took over as YouTube's Chief Product Officer in 2015, Neal has played a pivotal role in some of the company's top products. He is the driving force behind YouTube TV, YouTube Shorts, YouTube Premium (formerly Red), and YouTube Music.

"In a most fundamental way, my job is twofold. I'm responsible for all our products - the YouTube experience on mobile phones, desktops, laptops and large living room screens - everything that viewers use to connect with their favourite creators," he told Lew Later last year. Then, there "things that creators use - this includes YouTubers, musicians, artists and traditional media companies." Finally, there he is responsible for "trust and safety, community guidelines - the rules of the road, so to speak." Simply put, it comes down to "helping my teams make the best deicisions on behalf of that ecosystem. It includes our viewers, users, creators and advertisors."

Early life

Mohan was born in India in 1975 and moved to the US a few years later. "I had always been interested in technology, even before college," he said, in a 2022 interview with Greylock. "I always knew that working would computers would be my career path." His ambition took him to Stanford University, where he studied Electrical Engineering "and a lot of CS classes, basically."

[caption id="attachment_35253" align="aligncenter" width="550"] Neal Mohan (Photo: CNET)[/caption]

He graduated from Stanford and entered the workforce at what he describes as a "pivotal moment." This was the start of the golden age in Silicon Valley - "the dawn of the internet, really. Netscape had just come out with its browsers and was a Silicon Valley startup. There were lots of companies excited about making the transition." It was a fortunate turn of events for him. "When you're able to start your career at the inflexsion of a big technology change, there are lots of interesting opportunities.

Mohan began his career as a 'management consultant, working with tech businesses and finding ways to bring this new technology, the 'internet' to Fortune 500 companies. He realised, "very quickly," that he wanted to be part of these startups himself. He did a short stint at Andersen Consulting (Accenture) and in 1997, So, he joined Net Gravity, kickstarting his career in the technology business. That company was acquired by advertising startup DoubleClick later that year. It's where he met David Rosenblatt. He played a pivotal role in Google's $3.1 billion acquisition of the company.

DoubleClick Inc.

This was the great revolution in democratising information. "It's about fundamentally powering the creation of and consumption of all this information," regardless of whether the user was on a low-speed dial-up in some corner of the world, or a high-speed connection in Silicon Valley. "You have access to the same technology," he said.

That's where DoubleClick Inc. came in - if information was to be provided to everyone with access to an internet connection, preferably for free, it needed a sustainable revenue model. The internet was a medium too, just like print or TV - and those ran on ads. DoubleClick was at the forefront of developing and providing Internet ad services, through technology products and services that were sold to ad agencies and the mass media. They went on to work with businesses like Microsoft, General Motors, Coca-Cola, Apple Inc, Nike and L'Oreal.

The Google acquisition

In 2003, he quit DoubleClick to return to Stanford University for an MBA. The company was having solvency troubles at the time. In 2003, he quit DoubleClick to return to Stanford University for an MBA. The company was having solvency troubles at the time and in 2004, David Rosenblatt was brought in as CEO. He asked Mohan to rejoin as soon as he was done with his MBA. The company was acquired by Google for $3.1 billion in 2007, with Mohan being a key driver of the deal. He joined Google a year later, in 2008.

Life at Alphabet Inc.

Having always worked at the intersection of media and technology, developing a roadmap for advertising models in the digital age, Mohan became invaluable to Google very quickly. Between 2008 and 2015, he served as a Senior VP of Display and Video Advertising.

He was pivotal to developing the company's ad products and helping to grow YouTube revenue. Mohan became a well-known name in Silicon Valley and when Twitter needed a new man to revamp their product, which was falling apart, they turned to the internet ads savant. Mohan has played an important role in some of Google's most important ad products, including AdWords, DoubleClick and Google Analytics. He was also responsible for the automation of buying and selling digital ad inventory."

Transforming YouTube

In 2015, Mohan joined Alphabet Inc subsidiary YouTube as its Chief Product officer. He has been responsible for the livestreaming service YouTube TV, YouTube Music, YouTube Premium and YouTube Shorts.

Under him, YouTube's creator economy boomed. In 2022, Indian YouTubers were contributing around Rs 6,800 crores annually to the country's GDP. "The creator economy in India is truly flourishing," Mohan remarked. The monetisation model changed the content creation site - as of 2019, there were two billion users on YouTube, watching 1 billion hours of videos every day. YouTube ad revenues were around $19.77 billion in 2020.

With Susan Wojcicki announcing her resignation to focus on her health and personal life, Mohan will take over as YouTube's fourth CEO.

Life at home

[caption id="attachment_35255" align="aligncenter" width="726"] Neal Mohan and his wife, Heema Sareem Mohan[/caption]

Mohan is married to Heema Sareem Mohan, who is a spokesperson for Democratic State Senator Joe Simitian. She specialises in reforming the juvenile justice system and education policies and does extensive non-profit work. Born and raised in New York, she mvoed to Silicon Valley to be with her husband.

The couple resides in the Bay Area, in one of San Francisco's most upscale localities, with their three kids.

  • Follow Neal Mohan on Twitter and LinkedIn
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Jay Sean: The British-Indian artiste completes 20 years in hip-hop music world

(April 16, 2024) Who can forget the peppy song Dance With You from the early 2000s? Then a 22-year-old, Jay Sean was among the few South Asian artistes who exploded on the music scene with a chartbuster that was set to change the course of his life. The song made the British-Indian artiste an overnight star, and as they say, the rest is history. Despite the changing time, he has kept himself relevant and the proof of it is that this year he completes 20 years in the music industry. "To be able to have 20 years in the music industry and have songs that have stuck as classics now, to me is always a blessing. The challenge is really just understanding how to evolve," he said in an interview. [caption id="attachment_50752" align="aligncenter" width="1024"] Jay Sean[/caption] In the last two decades, the poster boy of the UK's Asian underground music scene has truly put Indian music and hip-hop on the global map. He was among the first few Indian artistes who opened the doors of South Asian music to the world, and is continuing to bring joy to music lovers across the world with his work. His latest song Heartless,

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bal map. He was among the first few Indian artistes who opened the doors of South Asian music to the world, and is continuing to bring joy to music lovers across the world with his work.

His latest song Heartless, which was released a week ago, has already grabbed the attention of music lovers, and he knows his music works because he is being true to himself. "I understand what I have to offer to the industry, that if I write and deliver a song, it will always be a Jay Sean song. Regardless of how the production is changing, or even the melodies of the times are changing, it will still have my signature stamp on it," he added.

Growing up with music

Born as Kamaljit Singh Jhooti in London to Indian immigrant parents in a Punjabi Sikh family, Jay was raised in the Asian community of South Hall. From a young age, he was drawn to music, leading him to form a hip-hop band Compulsive Disorder with his cousin at the age of 11. A young Jay attended Latymer Upper School in the morning and wrote songs in the evening. "I remember watching Yo! MTV Raps from a young age. And that put me into writing because I just wanted to write raps. I used to go and find instrumentals when I was around 13, and I would write my own rhymes and record my own mixtapes. Me and my crew were making mixtapes, writing original lyrics over other people's beats, and that's what really got me into writing," he had said.

 

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A post shared by Jay Sean (@jaysean)

But for his parents, music wasn't a traditional occupation and they encouraged him to focus on his studies. Someone who excelled in academics, he won himself a scholarship at the Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry to train as a doctor only to drop out in 2003 to pursue a career in singing. To kick start his career in music, he chose Jay Sean as his stage name. "Jay comes from my last name Jhooti and my grandmother used to call me ‘Shaan’ which is where Sean comes from," he revealed.

The poster boy of the UK's Asian underground scene

Life took a beautiful turn when one of his tracks One Minute fell into the hands of producer Rishi Rich, thus giving birth to the Rishi Rich project in 2003 that had Sean, Juggy D and Rich as its prime members. The trio exploded on the UK's Asian Underground scene with Dance With You, a chartbuster that made it to Top 20 hit. Such was the mania that even Virgin Records couldn't miss the chance of signing a £1 million deal with this rising star. Under Relentless Records, Jay belted out his first solo outing Eyes On You. The peppy beats and his velvety voice cast its spell on music lovers across the globe, making the song a Top 10 hit among all the Indian artists.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I8uztB31eUw

Global hip-hop icon

2004 came with the promise of Jay Sean being the next big thing. Each of his singles made the right noise in the music circle and soon he was hailed as the Asian sensation. His experimental and creative fusion of contemporary R&B and Indian music hit the right chord with music lovers across the globe. But his fallout with Virgin Records gave him time to self-reflect and use it to write songs. After a hiatus of almost two years, Sean returned with a bang with his second album My Own Way, which debuted at number six in the UK with its hit song Ride It smashing records. He soon found himself nominated at MOBO Award for Best UK Male and Best R&B/Soul among music heavyweights like Chris Brown, Estelle and Ne-Yo, which spoke volumes about him gaining popularity as a household sensation.

Champion of diversity

In 2008, Jay scripted history when he bagged a deal with Cash Money Records becoming the first South Asian singer and among few Indian artists to achieve the feat. The accomplishment opened an opportunity for the world to witness South Asian culture from close quarters. The deal bagged Jay his first collaboration with Lil Wayne, and the single became an instant hit zooming its way up the Billboard. This made him the first Asian British artiste to top the Hot 100 since Freddie Mercury of Queen in 1980.

 

View this post on Instagram

 

A post shared by Jay Sean (@jaysean)

"Me getting to this point provides me the opportunity to show people what our culture is all about. Our community is just as or even more so musically inclined and now is our time to show the world that we are just like everybody else. The fact that my grandfather and my father had to hide their identity to assimilate into cul­ture was unjust. They did not think that such barriers could be broken in their lifetime. I take it very seriously that I have one shot to make it – not just for myself, but my community," he said in an interview.

Smashing stereotypes

After winning three awards including Best Male, Best Urban Act and Best Album at the 2009 UK Asian Music Awards, he performed with Akon at the Grammy same year. Such was the craze around this British Asian sensation that he found himself on Number 35 in Billboard's Hot 100 Artists of the year. The year came to a stunning end for the artiste as he became the first South Asian to perform at the Madison Square Garden in New York. For the next few years, he belted out hits after hits with The Mistress, Do You Remember and All or Nothing. It was in 2015 that he reunited with Rishi Rich and Juggy D to restart the Rishi Rich project with their new single Freak.

In 2020, Jay resurfaced with a bang with Eyes on You 2 which reached No 1 on BBC Asian Chart. While his journey has had its shares of ups and downs, like any Asian, he too felt stereotyped in the initial years of his career. "I have experienced stereotypes and lack of equal opportunities. The reason being that certain people don’t look at you as an artist but take the whole package into mind and put you in a box. I experienced it a lot but I also took it upon myself to show people very early on in my career that there was no stopping me. When they would label me as a specific type of artiste, I would break out of that box and do something completely different every single time. It’s something I really love doing. Hopping onto different genres and expanding on what I can do as an artiste," he said.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=idMkbS6LWA8

And now he is back with yet again foot tapping number Heartless, which coincides with his 20th year in the music industry. "I feel so blessed when I think about completing 20 years in this music industry. That is such a blessing because now everything is so disposable," he said.

Giving back

When he is not busy making music, he lends support to organisations and causes that resonate with him. For someone who was training to be a doctor in his graduation, medical field is closer to his heart. In 2004 and 2009, he supported the Aga Khan Foundation in the charity event Partnership Walk and Run by performing in Regent's Park. Around the same time, he performed at Justin Timberlake's charity concert to raise funds for the Shriners Hospital for Children, thus raising more than $9 million along with artistes like Taylor Swift and Alicia Key. In 2012, he joined Child Hunger Ends Here campaign, and recorded a song Here's Hope to create awareness.

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About Global Indian

Global Indian – a Hero’s Journey is an online publication which showcases the journeys of Indians who went abroad and have had an impact on India. 

These journeys are meant to inspire and motivate the youth to aspire to go beyond where they were born in a spirit of adventure and discovery and return home with news ideas, capital or network that has an impact in some way for India.

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