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Global IndianstoryArchitecture beyond buildings: Vaissnavi Shukl’s journey from Harvard to podcasting
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Architecture beyond buildings: Vaissnavi Shukl’s journey from Harvard to podcasting

Written by: Darshana Ramdev

(January 31, 2024) Ever wondered how important the work of an architect is to a burglar? The fire escapes and storm water drains, the vaults, staircases and parking lots designed for safety and functionality are the very conduits artful burglars exploit. Or, maybe, how design can play a role in rehabilitating prisoners – as forensic psychologist Pia Puolakka is attempting to do at Finland’s smart prison. Do we even stop to think about where our food comes from? Where is it grown, where are seeds stored? These are the sorts of questions that architect Vaissnavi Shukl, the founder and host of architecture off-centre, examines in her podcast, as she engages with artists, journalists, policymakers and educators who normally aren’t thought about in context of architecture, but who, in reality, shape our built environments. In 2023, Vaissnavi, who is a graduate from CEPT, Ahmedabad, and Harvard Graduate School of Design, received the prestigious Graham Foundation Grant – one year’s worth of funding for her podcast.

Meeting challenges through innovation

Her story began in a moment of crisis. Vaissnavi Shukl had just graduated with a master’s from Harvard University and believed, understandably, that she was totally sorted. With a flawless academic record and top-tier work experience, all she had to do was sit back and wait for the offers to come pouring in – right? There was only one problem – this was 2020 and the pandemic had brought a worldwide lockdown into place. The same architecture firms she had hoped to be in were now conducting layoffs, imposing paycuts, implementing a suite of cost-cutting measures as the construction industry ground to a halt. “Funding was retracted from larger firms doing federal projects and diverted to healthcare workers, hospitals and unemployment benefits,” Vaissnavi recalls, in an interview with Global Indian. “It was very humbling to realise that all the things you have been talking about and doing are not that important at the end of the day.”

Vaissnavi Shukl

Vaissnavi Shukl

Even her Ivy League degree didn’t give her an out. “We put so much energy and resources into funding an education but when I finished my master’s in 2020, after a decade of work, I couldn’t get a job. What was I doing? Was I worth anything?” At the time, Harvard advised its students and alumni to use the lockdown to build a portfolio and create a network. “All of that sounds good but technically, I could not live in the US without a job. And I couldn’t practice on my own either because the road to licensure is so long,” Vaissnavi says. She wondered what other architecture students were doing, apart from designing buildings, that is.

Architecture – by chance, not design

Vaissnavi had stumbled into architecture herself – while she had always loved design, she saw herself designing clothes, not buildings. “I went through a process of elimination,” she laughs. “All I knew was I didn’t want to study chemistry!” She chose commerce after 10th grade, which included Statistics as a subject. And that year, the Council of Architecture decided to allow students from Commerce backgrounds if they had studied statistics. At the time, Vaissnavi was busy giving exams to NID and NIFT, and also gave NATA. “NIFT and CEPT counselling were on the same day. I wasn’t sure if I would get into NIFT but CEPT was a sure shot, so I went there,” she says. Back then, she didn’t even realise how big a deal this was – she just knew she would make it. She ended up being the first person with a commerce background to get into CEPT, one of the top architecture schools in the country. “They actually stopped this provision a few years later, there was a short window in which Commerce students could get in and I made it through.”

At CEPT, Vaissnavi learned the ins and outs of the actual practice, making models and working with materials. She also interned in Palinda Kannangara, one of Sri Lanka’s best known architecture firms, where she learned tropical modernism, the imprint of which her work today continues to carry. What she loved most, though, where the history courses, which were also what she used for her thesis. “I wanted to get more into the theoretical side of things,” she says. Two years after graduating from CEPT, she went to Harvard to study a master’s in design studies, with a concentration in history and philosophy of design. “For two years, I was just reading and writing,” Vaissnavi recalls.

Vaissnavi Shukl

Harvard and the pandemic

She took courses at the Kennedy School of Governance and the South Asian Studies department. “By history, I also mean things that happened a decade ago,” she explains. “I wanted to learn about the really large infrastructure projects, or how Le Corbusier built Chandigarh, and the history of concrete in India. My one beef with architecture education in India is you’re just thinking of buildings, when you can’t really think of architecture in isolation. There are so many factors at play influencing our built environments.” It was an approach that would serve her well with her podcast.

When the pandemic hit, Vaissnavi Shukl was left contemplating the relevance of architecture itself, and considering pivoting into another line. She began by calling other Harvard alumni and people she knew to see how they were using their skills as architects. What she learned was a revelation. One of her juniors at Harvard had got into a tech startup in the construction industry. Another friend had worked with UN-Habitat to build schools and police stations in Afghanistan before the Taliban takeover. Someone else had done a project on satellites and human waste in outer space. “People were in practice but unconventionally,” she remarks. “I wanted to know how they were using their skills as architects to do these things.”

Architecture off-centre

She continued to have the conversations and one day, she thought, “I’m not sure if I am going to do any of these things but their work is fabulous and more people should know about it.” She was having these discussions anyway, so why not record them and launch a podcast? “There were so many people struggling to find work, maybe this would tell them how to use their skills. And what about people who are not architects but who contribute to how we live? I spoke to a midwife who told me how midwifery centres in Mexico are built.” Vaissnavi was big on podcasts her self and with so much time on her hands, creating one of her own seemed the obvious thing to do. She learned Audacity (an editing software) with help from her now-husband and got things started. “I was back in India by the time I released my first episode,” she says.

People were happy to participate – she tapped contacts across the board, including a friend in the music industry, and a set designer in  Hollywood. “They were all people I knew, there was lots of nepotism in Season 1,” Vaissnavi jokes. Architecture off Centre was an instant hit though and in the second season, she hired a research assistant to help bring in meaningful, structured content. “We were not going to speak to famous architects because we hear from them a lot and it’s the same discourse over and over,” she emphasises. “So I thought, what if we go with a keyword and take deep dives from different perspectives.”

Cool Shed, designed by Vaissnavi Shukl. Photo: Inclined Studio / ArchDaily

For instance, in Season 3, she took off from the book she was reading at the time, Michael Foucault’s Discipline and Punish “So we examine the ideas of crime, violence and justice in our cities and our buildings,” Vaissnavi explains. In Season 4, she deals with ‘Agriculture, Food and Waste’, which includes a candid conversation with activist Dr Vandana Shiva, and Ateya Khorakiwalas on India’s grain silos.

The big picture

“It’s so important to reinforce and acknowledge the fact that we exist within a larger ecosystem,” Vaissnavi says. “I’m not trying to preach or anything, it’s just about knowing that there is a much bigger picture. And a lot of it comes from FOMO, from not being able to do or address these things in my own practice!”

Vaissnavi Shukl, who is based in Ahmedabad, established her own eponymous practice in 2020, which she currently runs with an all-women team. “Our projects are quite conventional,” she says, with a laugh. “The good thing about working in Ahmedabad is that clients here have very mature tastes, which is a boon for a young architect!”

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Nina Shukla
Nina Shukla
January 31, 2024 3:21 pm

Heartiest Congratulations !!!!🎊
All best wishes for many more to come 👍

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Mukti Gass
Mukti Gass
February 10, 2024 11:45 am

Vaissnavi has made her architecture a head, heart, hand and feet project. Thinking and applying knowledge in out-of-set-boundaries is what India needs. The construction boom is destroying our landscape. Construction design which creates, conserves, combines and regenerates in various areas is what Vaissnavi is doing.
Bravo young lady! And all the best!

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  • architectural podcasts
  • architecture during the pandemic
  • Architecture Off-Centre
  • CEPT
  • design thinking
  • Graham Foundation grantee
  • Harvard Graduate School of Design
  • Indian podcasters
  • problem solving
  • Vaissnavi Shukl
  • young architects in India

Published on 31, Jan 2024

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Padma Vibhushan for Indian-American mathematician Srinivasa Varadhan

(March 10, 2023)The Padma Awards list for 2023 features one of the finest Indian-origin mathematician in the field today - Srinivasa S.R. Varadhan. He is widely known for his contributions in the field of probability theory and for creating a unified theory of large deviations. In 2007 Srinivasa became the first Asian to receive the prestigious Abel Prize. Named after the famous Norwegian mathematician, the award was bestowed upon Srinivasa by the King of Norway. One year later, in 2008, Srinivasa was honoured with a Padma Bhushan.   The ace mathematician’s impressive list of awards and honours includes the National Medal of Science (2010), which he received from the former president of America, Barack Obama. It’s the highest honour bestowed by the United States government on STEM professionals. Srinivasa also received the Birkhoff Prize (1994), the Margaret and Herman Sokol Award of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences, New York University (1995), and the Leroy P Steele Prize for Seminal Contribution to Research (1996) from the American Mathematical Society for his work on diffusion processes.  [caption id="attachment_36024" align="aligncenter" width="548"] Srinivasa Varadhan with Barack Obama[/caption] “I think mathematics is a beautiful subject because it explains complicated behaviour by simple means. I find beauty in simplicity through mathematics,” Srinivasa had remarked in a conversation with professors from

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[caption id="attachment_36024" align="aligncenter" width="548"]Indian diaspora | Srinivasa Varadhan | Global Indian Srinivasa Varadhan with Barack Obama[/caption]

“I think mathematics is a beautiful subject because it explains complicated behaviour by simple means. I find beauty in simplicity through mathematics,” Srinivasa had remarked in a conversation with professors from Denmark and Norway. 

A source of inspiration for mathematicians across the world, Srinivasa has been a member of the scientific committees of several international research agencies including the US National Academy of Sciences, and Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters. He has also been elected as a fellow at some the highest institutions in mathematics - the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the Third World Academy of Sciences, the Institute of Mathematical Statistics, the Royal Society, the Indian Academy of Sciences, the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, and the American Mathematical Society.  

The Global Indian received two honorary degrees from Université Pierre et Marie Curie in Paris (2003) and from Indian Statistical Institute in Kolkata (2004). 

Early life  

Born into a Hindu Tamil Brahmin family in 1940 in Chennai (then Madras), Srinivasa moved with his family to Kolkata (then Calcutta) in 1953. As a maths teacher’s son, he enjoyed maths and science from an early age. It was not just his father but also his teachers who influenced him in his growing up years.  

Talking about his childhood in an interview, he reminisced, “In high school I had an excellent mathematics teacher, who asked some of his good students to come to his house during weekends and gave them extra problems to solve. We thought of these problems just as intellectual games that we played; it was not like an exam; it was more for enjoyment. It helped me realise that mathematics is something that you can enjoy like playing chess or solving puzzles,” he said. 

[caption id="attachment_36028" align="aligncenter" width="381"]Indian diaspora | Srinivasa Varadhan | Global Indian Srinivasa Varadhan at the age of seven[/caption]

Srinivasa went on to pursue graduation and post-graduation from Presidency College, Chennai, earning his master’s degree at the tender age of twenty. He received his doctorate from Indian Statistical Institute (ISI) in 1963. 

After spending the first 23 years of life in India, he moved to USA where he has been staying for the last 60 years.  

In the US, Srinivasa Varadhan did his postdoctoral fellowship from the Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University (NYU) – one of the most prestigious research centres in the world, and was offered a job there even before he completed his research.  The institution remained Srinivasa’s academic home throughout his illustrious career. With his colleagues at the institution, he has made valuable contributions in the sphere of stochastic processes, mathematical physics and hydrodynamics.  

The course of life 

The mathematician has been very popular in academic circles, not because of his awards but also because he is known for being friendly and approachable. He is respected for not just being a great researcher but also for being an excellent lecturer. Over the years he has written a number of books and supervised various PhD scholars.  

Although Srinivasa has spent six decades of his life in the US, he has never lost touch with India. “I grew up in India, and I think that part of your life always stays with you. I am still very much an Indian in the way I live. I prefer Indian food to anything else, and I am a practising Hindu,” he said in an interview “But when you are living in the United States you learn to adjust a little bit, you perhaps have a combination of the two in your lifestyle that you get comfortable with,” he added. 

Indian diaspora | Srinivasa Varadhan | Global Indian

The Indian-American stalwart also loves Tamil literature. “It is a language which is 2,000 years old, almost as old as Sanskrit, and perhaps the only language which today is not very different from the way it was thousands of years ago,” he said in an interview adding, “So, I can take a book of poetry which was written 2,000 years ago, and still be able to understand,” he smiled.  

The 83-year-old continues to remain active in mathematics teaching and research believing that ‘the missing piece may occur at any time, and there are always enough problems to solve since every solution generates more problems.”  

  • Follow Srinivasa Varadhan on Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences' website

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Bantval Jayant Baliga: Man with the world’s largest negative carbon footprint wins Millennium Technology Prize

(October 4, 2024) Imagine a world where energy flows seamlessly - powering your home, car, and even life-saving medical devices - with minimal environmental impact. This isn’t science fiction. It’s the legacy of one man’s invention, an invention that has saved the world over $15 trillion in costs and reduced carbon emissions by the equivalent of three years of human activity. The mastermind behind this global transformation is Bantval Jayant Baliga. The Indian-origin scientist's groundbreaking invention of the Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) has reshaped industries and influenced millions of lives worldwide. In 2024, Professor Baliga stands at the brink of yet another milestone in his life. "This award comes at the culmination of my career, so the timing is perfect. It’s a flattering recognition of my work," remarked Bantval Jayant Baliga, an inventor, entrepreneur, and emeritus professor at North Carolina State University, following the announcement of his name for the 2024 Millennium Technology Prize. Awarded by the Technology Academy Finland, the prize comes with a €1 million reward, honouring innovations that have positively impacted millions of lives. Baliga will officially receive the award on October 30 in Finland from Finnish President Alexander Stubb. The inventor, who was named by

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ctober 30 in Finland from Finnish President Alexander Stubb.

The inventor, who was named by Forbes as the person with the world's largest negative carbon footprint when inducted into the Inventors Hall of Fame in 2016, now joins a distinguished list of Millennium Technology Prize laureates, including Tim Berners-Lee, creator of the World Wide Web, who was the first recipient in 2004.

[caption id="attachment_57340" align="aligncenter" width="700"]Indian Scientist | Bantval Jayant Baliga | Global Indian Bantval Jayant Baliga[/caption]

An alumnus of IIT Madras, Professor Baliga has 36 years of academic experience and holds 120 U.S. patents, many of which he has successfully commercialised through four startups based in North Carolina.

When I came to the United States, I arrived as a 20-year-old with a dream of creating technology that would benefit humanity. I feel my dream has been fulfilled beyond my wildest expectations.

Professor Bantval Jayant Baliga said reflecting upon his journey

Helped save trillions of dollars

The 76-year-old electrical engineer's groundbreaking invention, the Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) is a semiconductor power switch that has decreased gasoline consumption by 10% and enhanced electrical energy efficiency by over 40%. This small chip, which regulates energy usage, is utilised in a variety of applications, including household appliances (from light bulbs to air conditioners and refrigerators), industrial products, automobiles (including electric vehicles and bullet trains), and renewable energy generation systems. IGBT is also a vital component in medical devices like compact cardiac defibrillators, playing a crucial role in saving lives globally.

It has generated over $15 trillion in cost savings for consumers and has laid the foundation for the smart grid. A smart grid is an advanced electrical network that uses digital technology to monitor, manage, and optimise the distribution of electricity efficiently. It enables the integration of renewable energy sources, enhances reliability, and reduces energy waste.

[caption id="attachment_57342" align="aligncenter" width="764"]Indian Scientist | Bantval Jayant Baliga | Global Indian Bantval Jayant Baliga[/caption]

Describing the energy-saving impact of IGBT, Baliga stated:

It adds up to over 180 trillion pounds of carbon dioxide over the last 30 years. That is as much carbon dioxide as human activity generates in three years.

Since its introduction, the IGBT has significantly reduced environmental pollution and saved consumers an estimated $36.5 trillion by cutting gasoline consumption by over 1.79 trillion gallons and reducing electricity usage by more than 133,000 terawatt-hours. 

It has not just improved energy efficiency but has reduced pollution, and has lowered global carbon dioxide emissions by over 82 gigatons. Its impact on energy consumption over the past three decades has made a substantial contribution to environmental sustainability globally. Professor Baliga has received numerous awards and accolades for his invention.

[caption id="attachment_57334" align="aligncenter" width="641"]Indian Scientist | Baliga with Obama | Global Indian Prof Baliga received National Medal of Technology from US President Obama[/caption]

It all started when...

In 1974, when Baliga joined General Electric’s Research and Development Center as an engineer in the US, he and his colleagues faced a significant challenge. One of the company's vice presidents tasked them with developing a new technology that would be "better than all the existing technology they were using at the time." Baliga recalled, “Within a month of his request, I put together the patent disclosure for creating the IGBT.”

Baliga invented a new high-voltage transistor that, for the first time, utilised a metal oxide semiconductor gate region to control a bipolar current within a single device. This three-terminal power semiconductor device combined high efficiency with fast switching capabilities. Today, the IGBT is manufactured worldwide and controls the flow of power from electrical energy sources to various applications that require energy.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hks2RuIA2do

An impactful, multidimensional career

After spending 15 years at the General Electric Research and Development Center in Schenectady, New York, Bantval Jayant Baliga joined North Carolina State University in 1988 as a professor of electrical engineering and was promoted to Distinguished University Professor in 1997, and is still associated with the academic institution. He has also founded four startups that produce products based on semiconductor technologies.

Among his several innovations is the GDMOSFET transistor, which is manufactured worldwide for low-voltage applications in computers, data centres, and automotive electronics. Baliga's accolades include the 2011 National Medal of Technology and the 2014 IEEE Medal of Honor.

Due to the significant impact of his work on energy consumption, it has been suggested that Baliga possesses the smallest carbon footprint in the world. However, he has a different perspective:

Many people can claim to have a zero-carbon footprint. I believe that it’s more accurate to say that I have the largest negative carbon footprint in the world.

 Professor Baliga remarked

The impact of his inventions is expected to grow exponentially, as the IGBT is an essential component for the deployment of electric vehicles and the generation of renewable energy, both crucial in combating climate change.

[caption id="attachment_57333" align="aligncenter" width="488"]Indian Scientist | Bantval Jayant Baliga | global Indian Professor Bantval Jayant Baliga[/caption]

Influences that shaped the innovator

In a recent interview, Baliga credited his education at IIT Madras for shaping his career and contributing to his many successes. He also shared how his father, Bantval Vittal Baliga, influenced his path. His father was the first chief engineer of All India Radio after Independence and played an important role in establishing the Indian branch of the Institute of Radio Engineers (IRE), which later merged to form IEEE. “I grew up reading articles by influential engineers who won IEEE medals of honour. Now that I have received the IEEE medal myself, it’s an incredible honour to be part of that group,” he remarked.

Baliga described his father, a well-known electrical engineer, as a significant inspiration in his life. “My father was a very big inspiration,” he shared. “But I wanted to get out of his shadow and make my own mark in the world.”

He lived in Delhi until the age of 10 before moving to Bengaluru, where he attended Bishop Cotton Boys’ School. He went on to pursue electrical engineering at IIT Madras. After completing his undergraduate studies, Baliga moved to the United States in 1969 to pursue a master’s and PhD at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in New York. "In 1969, the Indian government only allowed us to carry $10 due to limited foreign reserves. It was my first trip out of India, and I had never seen snow before,” he recalled. 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YkvrcXF9ooE

 

Bantval Jayant Baliga’s journey from India to becoming a globally recognised inventor in the U.S. highlights how Indian education and values, when combined with international exposure, can provide a solid foundation for groundbreaking contributions to science and technology, shaping industries and positively impacting millions of lives worldwide.

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Bengal to Barbados: Sabir Nakhuda’s quest to unveil the untold story of Indian migration on the Caribbean island nation

(September 5, 2024) Nestled in the southeastern Caribbean Sea, Barbados is an island country in the Lesser Antilles of the West Indies, next to North America. It's one of the more populous and prosperous Caribbean islands. The story of Indian migration to Barbados began around 1910 with Bashart Ali Dewan from West Bengal, the first documented migrant from India to the island. Intrigued by this historical narrative, Indian-origin Sabir Nakhuda, a former journalist and author who grew up in Barbados, dedicated 15 years to researching and crafting his book - Bengal to Barbados: A 100 Year History of East Indians in Barbados. “It is a labour of love and a crucial mission to preserve the history of a community whose story needed to be told,” he remarks while connecting with Global Indian. This year Sabir Nakhuda co-founded the Bengal to Barbados Foundation Inc. and Bengal to Barbados Digital Project with his friend Suleiman Bulbulia to highlight the distinctness and impact of East Indian-Bajan identity. The digital project, which is being co-curated by the Barbados Museum and Historical Society, weaves together migration stories from Bengal, Gujarat, Sindh, and South India with themes of cultural integration, heritage, and intergenerational experiences. [caption id="attachment_55453"

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s Digital Project with his friend Suleiman Bulbulia to highlight the distinctness and impact of East Indian-Bajan identity. The digital project, which is being co-curated by the Barbados Museum and Historical Society, weaves together migration stories from Bengal, Gujarat, Sindh, and South India with themes of cultural integration, heritage, and intergenerational experiences.

[caption id="attachment_55453" align="aligncenter" width="602"]Indian Art and Culture | Bengal to Barbados | Sabir Nakhuda | Global Indian Sabir Nakhuda (centre) with Indian-origin people during the launch of Bengal to Barbados Foundation and digital project[/caption]

Quest to revive Indian legacy in Barbados

In 1953 author Sabir Nakhuda’s father travelled from the village of Tadkeshwar in the Surat district of Gujarat to the distant Caribbean Island of Barbados for work. He was one of those Indian migrants from the region who were seeking better opportunities far from home. Five years later, in 1958, when Sabir was just ten years old, his father sent for him to join him in this new land. His mother and younger brother followed them in 1960, and the place became their new home.

“Growing up in Barbados, I navigated a unique cultural landscape, balancing my Indian roots with my new life in the Caribbean. I completed my primary and secondary education on the island, and later, pursued higher education in Canada. Fluent in Gujarati, Hindi, and Urdu, I always maintained a strong connection with my heritage, even as I adapted to my new environment,” Sabir tells.

It wasn’t until he began working at The Barbados Advocate, one of the oldest newspapers on the island, that he realised how little was known about the East Indian community in Barbados. He came across a few interviews from the 1950s with two elders from their community, which touched on their arrival in Barbados. But it quickly became apparent that there was so much more to uncover. “There were no documented records or any other accounts of our community’s history on the island. This realisation sparked a determination in me to dig deeper and document our story,” he remarks.

[caption id="attachment_55465" align="aligncenter" width="675"]Indian Art and Culture | Sabir Nakhuda | Bengal to Barbados | Global Indian Sabir Nakhuda at the 2024 Genealogy Market, Barbados[/caption]

With no written records to rely on, Sabir turned to oral history, visiting and interviewing various members of both the Barbadian and East Indian communities. He collected documents, photographs, and artefacts, piecing together the fragmented history of this often-overlooked group.

During my research, a particularly significant moment came when a family of early Bengali migrants shared an airmail letter with me. The sender’s address on the back of that letter led me to India, where I was determined to trace the roots of the first migrant who came to Barbados.

Sabir Nakhuda shares

In 1999, Sabir took a trip to India with a purpose – to find the first migrant from India who landed in Barbados. It was a journey that took him to the village of Jinpoor, where he found the descendants of the first migrant - Bashart Ali Dewan. It took him about two weeks to find the village of the first migrant.

“I interviewed his sons, other family members, and villagers, documenting their stories through pictures, videos, and recorded interviews. Often, my Bengali friends helped translate, ensuring that the rich history of these families was accurately captured. These recordings, now preserved in my hard drive, form a crucial part of the historical record I have worked to create,” he says. 

[caption id="attachment_55456" align="aligncenter" width="457"]Indian Art Culture | Bengal Barbados | Sabir Nakhuda | Global Indian Bashart Ali Dewan - first Indian migrant to Barbados | Photo Courtesy : Bengal to Barbados Foundation Inc[/caption]

Keeping heritage and connections alive

Along with his research, Sabir Nakhuda has also collected various Indian artefacts, including old bicycles, jackets, relics, and photographs. These items, along with the history of the East Indian community, have been displayed in genealogy and archive exhibitions in collaboration with the Barbados Archives Department, where Sabir has been a contributor for many years.

“I also give lectures on the arrival of East Indians and their contributions to nation-building in Barbados, ensuring that our story is told and remembered,” tells Sabir who is enjoying an active retired life.

Due to his research that lasted 15 years, the author and former journalist has developed strong connections with the families of other Bengali migrants across various villages in West Bengal. “Although I am a Gujarati and not related to Bashart Ali and his family, I visit them and family members of other migrants spread across various villages in Bengal, whenever I travel to India.” he mentions.

[caption id="attachment_55463" align="aligncenter" width="844"]Indian Art and Culture | Sabir Nakhuda | Bengal to Barbados | Global Indian Sabir Nakhuda presented his book to Barbados PM Freundel Stuart in 2013 and President of Guyana, Mohammed Irfan Ali in 2023[/caption]

Sabir Nakhuda has been to many parts of India dozens of times, and makes a point to visit his own uncles, aunts and extended family members in India, whenever possible.

One of my most cherished experiences was being invited to speak at the Visva-Bharati University at Shantiniketan in West Bengal in 2019, where I discussed the Indian diaspora in the Caribbean. I was elated to visit the place built by Rabindranath Tagore, as he is one of my favourite poets.

Sabir Nakhuda shares

In addition to his historical work, Sabir Nakhuda also writes poetry in English, Gujarati, and Urdu, and has continued his oral research, currently focusing on a book on the migration of Muslims from India to Barbados. “This upcoming work will detail the names of the villages from which Muslims have migrated, the history and pictures of these villages, and a chronology of every individual who came to Barbados from 1910 to 2023,” he says.

Creating legacy for future generations 

The year 2016 was eventful both for Barbados as a nation and for Sabir Nakhuda as an author. It was the year when the nation celebrated 50 years of its independence. The same year, while attending the Commonwealth Prime Ministers meeting, Barbados's PM Freundel Stuart presented Nakhuda's book Bengal to Barbados to India's PM, Modi. "PM Stuart later told me that he discussed the context of my book with PM Modi and highlighted the contributions East Indians have made in various fields of nation-building," the author recalls. The foreword of the book was written by none other than PM Stuart himself.

During Barbados’s 50th anniversary of independence, the author was selected to serve on the committee organizing the celebrations. A time capsule was placed at the historic site of Independence Square in Bridgetown, the capital, where the Independence flag was first raised. Among the artifacts, two books were included: the autobiography of Sir Garfield Sobers, a former Barbadian cricketer who is considered Barbados's national hero and the greatest all-rounder in the world, and Bengal to Barbados.

The time capsule is set to be opened on Barbados's 100th anniversary in 2066. While I may not be around, my future generations will be, and most importantly, the legacy of the East Indian presence and our stories will resurface.

Nakhuda says with pride

[caption id="attachment_55690" align="aligncenter" width="433"]Indian Author | Sabir Nakhuda | Global Indian Cover Image of Sabir Nakhuda's book[/caption]

Connecting the dots

Sabir Nakhuda's friend Suleiman Bulbulia’s interest in co-founding the Bengal to Barbados Foundation Inc. with him stems from the same deep commitment to preserve and promote the history and culture of the East Indian community in the Caribbean island nation. He even has a distant connection with the first documented Indian migrant to the country. “My paternal grandfather's second wife was related to Bashart Ali Dewan, the first documented East Indian migrant to Barbados,” he says.

Born and raised in Barbados, Suleiman's paternal and maternal grandfathers migrated from Kaphleta, Gujarat in the 1930s. With the Bengal to Barbados Foundation Inc. the retail senior manager by profession seeks to bridge cultural understanding and acceptance of Indian-origin people in the island nation.

[caption id="attachment_55460" align="aligncenter" width="720"]Indian Art and Culture | Suleiman Bulbulia | Bengal to Barbados | Global Indian Suleiman Bulbulia during the launch of Bengal to Barbados Foundation and digital project[/caption]

Both Sabir Nakhuda and Suleiman Bulbulia are dedicated to documenting the stories, history, and legacy of East Indians in Barbados. Their goal is to collect tangible, historic items from the Indian community to create a permanent display of these artefacts. Additionally, they aim to share the collected information through their website and social media platforms.

“Our efforts have centred around providing accurate historical information about the Indian community in Barbados while promoting their culture, knowledge, and heritage. These efforts have led to an understanding and acceptance of the Indian community among both the government and the general public in Barbados. Additionally, our work has strengthened the bonds of friendship between India and Barbados,” Suleiman signs off.

  • Follow Sabir Nakhuda and Suleiman Bulbulia on Facebook
  • To know more about Bengal to Barbados Digital Project, visit its website

Reading Time: 5 mins

Story
The ‘Maharaja’ of wheat: Dr Sanjaya Rajaram

(June 20, 2023) Growing up in a small farming community in Raipur, life was tough for Dr Sanjaya Rajaram and his family. Having seen stark poverty in central India's rural heartlands, Rajaram had seen the ugliness of stark poverty. It led him to dedicate his life improving the lives of smallholder farmers around the world. The World Food Prize in 2014 was an acknowledgement of decades of scientific work - Dr Sanjaya Rajaram, who served for over 33 years at the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) in Mexico, developed more than 480 wheat varieties, leading to an increase of over 200 million tons in worldwide wheat production. Humble beginnings Rajaram was born in 1943 in Raipur, the same year, incidentally, that the CIMMYT was founded in El Batan in Southern Central Mexico, with its nascent programme headed by the legendary Norman Borlaug, known as the father of the Green Revolution. Borlaug's work would bring him to India to spread the word, resulting the Green Revolution led by MS Swaminathan, with whom Rajaram would also work. Rajaram studied genetics and plant breeding at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute in New Delhi, during which time he worked with MS Swaminathan.

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in Southern Central Mexico, with its nascent programme headed by the legendary Norman Borlaug, known as the father of the Green Revolution. Borlaug's work would bring him to India to spread the word, resulting the Green Revolution led by MS Swaminathan, with whom Rajaram would also work. Rajaram studied genetics and plant breeding at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute in New Delhi, during which time he worked with MS Swaminathan. Years later, Swaminathan would also be on the World Food Prize (instituted by the Nobel Peace Prize) jury that selected Rajaram as the 2014 winner.

[caption id="attachment_32639" align="aligncenter" width="585"] Dr Sanjaya Rajaram receives the World Food Prize. Photo: www.worldfoodprize.org[/caption]

"He is known for his genuine concern for farming and farmers," Swaminathan said at the time, about Rajaram. "He is a worthy successor to the legacy of Norman Borlaug and was selected for his outstanding work in the improvement of wheat crop and wheat production in the world."
Rajaram, not always given to talking about his childhood, allowed himself a moment of reminiscence at the World Food Prize acceptance speech 2014. "My childhood wasn't easy," he remarked. "My family made a meagre living growing maize, rice, wheat, sugarcane and millets. There were a few goats, cows and buffaloes as well." Rajaram's parents, he says, "valued education and made many sacrifices" to send him to school. "Seeing people live in poverty ignited a passion in me to dedicate my life to work that makes a real difference." The newly-independent India in which Rajaram grew up was a tough place - at the time, 96 percent of rural children lacked basic schooling. "I was in the fortunate four percent," Rajaram said. As acknowledgement of this, Rajaram dedicated a part of his $250,000 prize money to an educational institute in India.

Finding Norman Borlaug 

Rajaram graduated with a BSc in agriculture from the University of Gorakhpur, which played a leading role at the time in the Green Revolution. He followed it up with an MSc in genetics and plant breeding from IARI and then moved to Australia, where he earned a PhD from the University of Sydney. A prolific researcher through his life, Rajaram had more than 400 research publications and had mentored hundreds of scientists around the world until his passing in 2021.
In 1969, after his PhD, Rajaram moved to Mexico to join CIMMYT, headed still by the legendary Norman Borlaugh, who would become one of the driving forces behind Rajaram's own work. "It was a few years after the great events of the Green Revolution. Despite the food security gains, there was no time for complacency. There were mountains to climb and the fight against hunger has not yet been won. The fight for food and nutrition security had not even begun."

[caption id="attachment_32640" align="aligncenter" width="569"] Sanjaya Rajaram in Izmir, Turkey in 2014. Credit: Linda McCandless / Borlaug Global Rust Initiative[/caption]

Borlaug was quick to spot potential in the young man, who would spend his days wandering through small wheat farms, clad in baggy jeans and a sweatshirt, usually. Eventually, Rajaram went on to take over as the director of wheat research at CIMMYT and also as direct of ICARDA's biodiversity and integrated gene management programme. He is also the owner and director of R&D for Resource Seed Mexicana, which promotes wheat varietes in Mexico, India, Egypt and Australia. "working for the poor and the hungry was the trademark of Rajaram. Borlaug was the main spirit of Rajaram's work," said G. Venkataramani, Rajaram's biographer and author of 'Mr Golden Grain, the Life and Work of the Maharaja of Wheat'.

Building worldwide food security

Rajaram was an active proponent of the private and public sectors working together - it is the only way, he believed, to tackle the enormity of the task at hand. "Feeding over nine billion people by 2050 will not be a trivial task. Sustainably increasing wheat production will have crucial impact on livelihoods and food security. For wheat alone, we will need to grow sixty percent more grain than now, on the same amount of land, while trying to use fewer nutrients, less water and labour," Rajaram explained. "However, the staff of life for 1.2 billion people is one of the lowest-funded crops in terms of research." It's a daunting prospect, even after the robust successes of the Green Revolution.
Dr Rajaram is credited with developing 58 percent of all the wheat varieties that exist today, according to his biography. He is best known for his contributions to the development of two high-yield wheat cultivars - Kauz and Attila. These produce at least 15% higher yield than other types, holding more grains on each stalk. They are cultivated across over 40 million hectares worldwide. The process involved winter and spring wheat gene pools, shuttle breeding and mega environment testing.

Promoting young scientists

President Kovind presents Padma Bhushan to Dr Sanjaya Rajaram (Posthumous) for Science & Engineering . He developed 490+ high-yielding and disease-resistant wheat varieties grown in 51 countries. This has increased global wheat production by more than 200+ million tons. pic.twitter.com/fieCxk6V9Q

— President of India (@rashtrapatibhvn) March 28, 2022

Working on the field and truly understanding the problems of farmers, Rajaram believed, was critical to promoting new ideas and technology. This is a nod to Borlaug's legacy, which Rajaram dedicated himself to building. "Borlaug and I promoted the international community by connecting scientists across the world. Applied training should be the standard for any scientific institution," said the Global Indian. The way forward, he always said, was unity among the private and public sectors, free sharing of knowledge and seeds and training young scientists on the ground. "There can be no permanent progress in the battle for food and nutritional security until all the partners unite," he remarked.
Dr Sanjaya Rajaram is also the winner of the Pravasi Bhartiya Samman, the highest civilian honour given by the Indian government to Indians abroad. He also received the Padma Shri in 2001 and the Padma Bhushan posthumously in 2022.
Story
Abhi Ramesh: Fighting food deserts through Misfits Market

(February 7, 2024) Abhi Ramesh found himself in a Pennsylvania apple orchard, utterly amazed by what he saw. The ground was covered with more apples than the trees could hold, all of them destined for the trash. The farmer revealed that these perfectly good fruits would be tossed if they couldn't be sold within a month or two. This eye-opening moment sparked a game-changing idea in Abhi's mind: what if there was a way to rescue these "ugly" fruits and veggies from being wasted? And thus, Misfits Market was born. Founded in 2018, Misfits Market has saved over 228 million pounds of food and has delivered $155 million as a new stream of “rescue revenue” to farmers and producers. "This is a low-cost, low-margin, highly perishable industry that involves very sophisticated operations and logistics, and we built the supply chain from scratch. We're always the better deal for our customers. We're not cheaper because we're lower quality. Our products are always equal or even higher quality,” said the Global Indian, who was listed in the Forbes 30 Under 30 - Social Entrepreneurs and was named EY Entrepreneur of the Year for 2021. A finance guy Born in India, Ramesh grew

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ays equal or even higher quality,” said the Global Indian, who was listed in the Forbes 30 Under 30 - Social Entrepreneurs and was named EY Entrepreneur of the Year for 2021.

A finance guy

Born in India, Ramesh grew up in Atlanta, Georgia, before moving to Dubai and Bahrain. "I also lived in St. Louis and Canada briefly," he shared during an interview. "For the first half of my life, I wanted to be a neuroscientist. I remember at one point in my life I also wanted to be an astronaut. Most people want to be an astronaut when they are five or six but I decided I would be one when I was 16."

Abhi Ramesh | Global Indian

After finishing his high school, however, Ramesh was inclined to study finances and joined The Wharton School to pursue a bachelor's degree in economics and international studies. "I decided I was really interested in finance and enjoyed the business side of things, so I thought of pursuing a career in finance," Giving more insight into his decision, he shared, "In high school, I was very involved in a bunch of different things. As a lot of Penn and Wharton students are, I was class president and eventually school president, two-sport varsity athlete, and violinist for fourteen years, and I did all the traditional ‘I'm a well-rounded kid applying to college’ type things. But I also enjoyed looking at different ideas and I did some SAT tutoring on the side when I was in high school and that connected to one of my first entrepreneurial experiences. So I was always interested in "business" broadly, whatever that means, but I decided to come to Penn and Wharton because it provided a very good, well rounded, business education."

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XAHOuJhb5q0

A football player during his college days, Ramesh joined Apollo, a financial institution right aftter his graduation. "I wanted to learn investing from a professional point of view but I promised myself I would only spend time there if I was learning. So, I went to Apollo to work on their middle market technology investing platform and got to see how technology companies were run. I got a great understanding of later-stage technology, and after eight months I realized I wasn't learning anymore," shared Ramesh, who is also the founder of a coding school.

Entrepreneurial journey

While still working at Apollo, Ramesh visited the Apple farm in Pennsylvania. "There were apples all over the ground. I saw just firsthand how much food goes to waste at the farm level. I was shocked at the time," he shared. A longtime Philadelphia resident, Ramesh grew more intrigued by the problem of food deserts – those places where buying groceries, especially fresh produce, is a real challenge. Ramesh started exploring nearby farms, pondering on ways to rescue and repurpose food waste.

Abhi Ramesh | Global Indian

Ramesh got down to business by reaching out to organic farms in the area and forging connections with the farmers. Persuading them to part with their not-so-perfect produce at incredibly low prices, his studio apartment quickly transformed into a quirky collection of misshapen peaches, apples, tomatoes, and onions. Taking a daring leap, he created a pre-order page on Shopify, splurged $150 on a logo, and put $1,000 into ads. In a bold move, he even applied for five credit cards, accumulating a daunting $150,000 in debt to fuel his vision.

Fortunately, a guardian angel in the form of his close friend, Edward Lando, came to the rescue, providing Abhi with crucial funds to clear his debt and invest in inventory. Misfits Market kicked off on a modest scale, dispatching only five boxes of produce weekly, but soon enough, that number skyrocketed to 200 boxes per week. "It took the better part of the past three years and a lot of capital," shared the entrepreneur. Securing a total funding of $526.5 million, Misfits Market achieved a valuation of $2 billion, with a significant injection of $225 million in a funding round led by SoftBank Vision Fund 2.

Abhi Ramesh | Global Indian

"We had to build a customer waitlist, and for a while, it was a manual file that we'd have to export into our database. It was chaotic on the demand side," shared Ramesh in a recent interview, adding, "Misfits Market has made a lot of lemonade from unwanted lemons. We set out with a lofty goal of saying we want to eradicate food deserts by 2025. And we think we can do it."

  • Follow Abhi Ramesh on LinkedIn

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About Global Indian

Global Indian – a Hero’s Journey is an online publication which showcases the journeys of Indians who went abroad and have had an impact on India. 

These journeys are meant to inspire and motivate the youth to aspire to go beyond where they were born in a spirit of adventure and discovery and return home with news ideas, capital or network that has an impact in some way for India.

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