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Indian actor | Anya Chalotra | Global Indian
Global IndianstoryAnya Chalotra: From Indian roots to Netflix fame and Forbes 30 Under 30 in European entertainment 
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Anya Chalotra: From Indian roots to Netflix fame and Forbes 30 Under 30 in European entertainment 

By: Amrita Priya

(November 12, 2024) In 2024, Anya Chalotra earned a prestigious spot on the Forbes 30 Under 30 list for European entertainers, a nod to her breakthrough performances and rising stardom. The British-Indian actor, best known for her role as Yennefer of Vengerberg in Netflix’s fantasy TV series The Witcher, has mesmerised audiences worldwide with her talent and distinct cultural heritage.

Raised by a British mother and an Indian father, Anya Chalotra grew up in a home that celebrated both cultures. Her upbringing was a rich amalgam of traditions; on one hand, she enjoyed British literature and theatre, which fuelled her fascination with storytelling, while on the other, she was immersed in the world of Bollywood through her father’s influence. From a young age, she found herself enchanted by Bollywood’s emotional depth and grandeur, often humming tunes from films like Kal Ho Naa Ho and Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham. This early exposure to Indian cinema kindled her love for acting, shaping her desire to perform on screen. As her career gained momentum in Britain, her unique blend of influences—both British and Indian—set her apart, paving the way for her breakout role in The Witcher and ultimately earning her a spot on Forbes’ 30 Under 30 list.

Indian actor | Anya Chalotra | Global Indian

Anya Chalotra in Netflix series, ‘The Witchers’

Anya’s maiden India visit

In 2019, Anya visited India for the first time, embarking on a heartfelt trip with her father, a native of Pathankot in Punjab. Describing the visit as “special,” she fondly recalled her instant connection with relatives she had only ever known from afar. “It completely got me,” she shared, reflecting on how Indian culture had always felt close yet distant. “Even though we’d never met, we became so close so soon,” she said, noting the warmth and familiarity of her extended family. For her, it was an embodiment of India’s deeply rooted familial bonds, “where your cousins are actually like your siblings.”

While it took over two decades for her to visit her father’s homeland, Anya’s cultural ties had always been nurtured. Growing up, her father introduced her to Bollywood classics like Kal Ho Naa Ho, Main Hoon Na, and Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham, sparking her passion for acting. Her visit to India further inspired her to take up Hindi classes, deepening her connection to her roots. Shortly after that trip, her career reached new heights with the premiere of The Witcher, a performance that ultimately earned her recognition in Forbes’ influential list. 

Indian actor | Vengerberg | Global Indian

Growing up in Britain 

Born in Wolverhampton, Anya grew up in Lower Penn village in South Staffordshire, UK, where she lived with her parents, and two siblings. She completed her schooling at the St. Dominic’s Grammar School for Girls in Brewood, and later trained at the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art (LAMDA) and the Guildhall School of Music and Drama. 

She discovered her natural flair for performing at an early age. Like every Indian parents, his father too nudged her to sing for her relatives during a family gathering. She was only eight at that time. “We were having a family get-together, and he told me to sing an Indian song. And I knew, right then, that I loved attention,” she recalled.

Punjabis in Britain

Over the years, Punjabis in Britain have not only maintained their cultural identity but also thrived, contributing significantly to the country’s social, economic, and political landscape. From family-owned businesses to leaders in politics, academia, and the arts, British Punjabis have made their mark, blending heritage with a new sense of belonging. Gurudwaras, community centres, and cultural festivals like Baisakhi have become prominent symbols of Punjabi culture, while the community’s values of hard work, and unity have helped successive generations thrive. Today, Punjabis in Britain are celebrated as an integral part of the UK’s multicultural landscape, bridging continents with a legacy of tradition, pride, and progress. 

Indian actor | Anya Chalotra | Global Indian

Anya with her parents

Shining in all three seasons of Netflix’s ‘The Witcher’ 

Yennefer of Vengerberg is a name that needs no introduction for fans of The Witcher. The saga began as a short story submitted to a Polish magazine in 1986, evolved into a multi-book series throughout the ’90s, was adapted into a video game in 2007, inspired various comic book iterations over the past decade, and finally became a TV series for Netflix in 2019.

Yennefer of Vengerberg is a complex, powerful sorceress in The Witcher universe, known for her fierce independence, intelligence, and magical prowess. Born with physical deformities and enduring a difficult childhood, she transforms into a formidable and enchanting figure, both beautiful and skilled in magic. Her character’s journey from hardship to strength, and her intense bond with Geralt of Rivia, makes Yennefer one of the most intriguing and beloved figures in the series. 

Indian Actor | Anya Chalotra | Global Indian

Anya Chalotara was a relative newcomer when she got the role on the grand scale fantasy drama and that too opposite ace actor Henry Cavill who played the role of Geralt. However, instead of struggling under the weight of the role’s legacy, the actor embraced the challenge putting her heart and soul into the character of ancient sorceress that she portrays. 

In the series, she is the youngest member of the Council of Sorcerers and one of the most powerful mages, slaying monsters, saving lives, and transforming from a hunchbacked farm girl into a charming diva. 

“Yennefer is almost 100 years old, so it falls to me to find the middle ground between being someone who has seen a lot of the world and someone who is figuring things out on the go simply because the world around her is constantly changing,” she remarked talking about her character. 

Journey in acting

Before starting her career on screen, Anya had starred in several stage productions. In 2017 she was nominated for the stage debut award for best actress for her performance as Hero in a production of Much Ado About Nothing at Shakespeare’s Globe, London. Thereafter she performed in several stage productions.

Her first on screen role came in 2018 when she portrayed Jennifer Ashman in the BBC comedy-drama, Wanderlust. The same year, she appeared as Lily Marbury in BBC’s adaptation of Agatha Christie’s The ABC Murders, and then casting for other on-screen productions followed.

Indian Actor | Vengerberg | Global Indian

Anya during one of her shoots

 

Striding past challenges

Anya Chalotra had to audition thrice for the role in The Witcher. “Every time I auditioned, I became hungrier for the role,” said the actress who considers the opportunity to play the role an ‘absolute gift’. The Witcher novels were written with white characters. However, looking at her talent the makers selected her for the role of Yennefer despite her being an actor of colour and far younger than the fictional character.

Although it was a moment of elation for her, she faced ridicule by many fans of The Witcher novels. They thought the choice of Yennefer’s character was not a good one. Many fans labelled her as ‘incapable’ or ‘inexperienced’ for such a plum role. Anya had to shut her social media accounts to escape the negative words of people who were writing her off even without seeing her work. 

“I wanted my journey to be very different. I wanted to allow the character to evolve organically, without any pressure, and I know that the only way to do that was to shut off my social media,” she explained. For all the eight months of filming of the first series she was not on Instagram and Twitter. She wanted to woo her fans by her good performance and hence just focused on her work, and stayed positive. 

Indian Actor | Anya Chalotra | Global Indian

The hard work, focus, and dedication paid off when the first season aired. At the premiere of the first season, the Indian-origin actor proudly showcased her heritage by wearing a Manish Malhotra sari.

Today, Anya Chalotra and Yennefer are virtually inseparable in the minds of The Witcher fans, with Anya having filmed the first three seasons across the world. She is now busy shooting for Seasons 4 and 5, set for release later this year and in 2025. The actor’s success reflects the growing influence of the Indian diaspora in global entertainment, showcasing how diverse cultural backgrounds can enrich storytelling on the world stage.

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Published on 12, Nov 2024

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US-based Chef Aarthi Sampath is smashing the glass ceiling in the culinary world

(June 21, 2022) Until a few years ago, Indian chefs were belting out stunning plates of modern Indian food in some of the most popular restaurants in the West, but for US-based chef Aarthi Sampath that term "means nothing" as she says the focus has now shifted to regional cuisines. "You can now find vada pav on the menus in the US. I'm happy that Indian food is finally having its moment in America." Though it took years to change the narrative of Indian food in the West, the shift is attracting more food lovers to authentic Indian food. Being a Tamilian raised in Mumbai, Aarthi grew up in a family that would eagerly wait to devour food at the dinner table each day. That's how she fell in love with food, and decades later, that passion translated into work at Michelin star restaurants like Junoon and Breslin Bar in the US, made her the first Indian to win the American reality show Chopped and got her a nomination as the Culinary Icon of India in the US. But it wasn't always rainbows and sunshine. From facing racism in the kitchen in the US to finding her feet in a

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e US to finding her feet in a male-dominated industry, Aarthi fought hard to find her ground. And now this Indian chef is dominating the food scene in the West with her culinary prowess. "It wasn't an easy journey but quite a learning curve for me. The perseverance and love for food helped me push through every hurdle to make a name for myself," Aarthi tells Global Indian in a video call from New York.

[caption id="attachment_25969" align="aligncenter" width="650"]Chef | Aarthi Sampath | Global Indian Chef Aarthi Sampath cooking up a storm in the kitchen[/caption]

A childhood passion translates into a profession  

The Chennai-born was in love with theatre as a kid, and acting was what she wanted to pursue as a career. But her family burst the bubble by telling her that "television is for the fair-skinned and it's a life of struggle." This was enough to dissuade the young talent from following a childhood dream but little did she know that life had something exciting in store for the girl who always loved food. Like every Indian household, her family, too, would happily devour food at the dinner table each day. Though her love for food was palpable, things started building up only after she saw her first cake rise in the oven.

"At age of 13, I was left mesmerised seeing how four different ingredients could end up making a delectable cake," says the chef for whom the ball was set rolling after watching Chef Ananda Solomon cook up a storm on television. "That's when I first thought that I also want to cook on TV," adds Aarthi who decided to enroll in the Institute of Hotel Management in Jaipur. "My parents were not thrilled with my decision," laughs the chef who describes her first tryst with professional cooking at The Oberoi Rajvilas in Jaipur as an intern as "shocking and hard".

"It was difficult adjusting to the long hours at work. The very first day I worked for over 12 hours, and I instantly started regretting my decision," laughs Aarthi who decided to power through it after finding the right inspiration in chef Mir Zafar Ali. "He is so versatile. Seeing him flip pizzas and make Italian and Indian food with such finesses, I knew I wanted to be like him," adds Aarthi about her mentor.

The world is her oyster  

Gaining some experience, she moved to the Taj Hotels in 2007 and worked with them for four and a half years before applying for a culinary program at Johnson & Wales University in the US. "Back then, TV was becoming a big thing with chefs like Gordon Ramsay taking over. I understood that New York was the epitome of the culinary world. I wanted to see what that world had to offer," says Aarthi who was keen to smash the glass ceiling. "Most of my colleagues were quitting their jobs and I was scared that I'd be next. I wanted to explore the western style of working, and it led me to the US."

[caption id="attachment_25970" align="aligncenter" width="547"]Chef | Aarthi Sampath | Global Indian Chef Aarthi Sampath with Chef Vikas Khanna[/caption]

The course led her to chef Vikas Khanna’s Michelin-starred restaurant Junoon in New York, where she worked her way up to become the executive chef before moving to the Orlando branch in Florida. However, moving to the US was "an eye-opening experience" for the 36-year-old who found a stark contrast in the workings of the two nations. "We understand and build flavours in India but here it's more technique-driven. They believe in efficiency and speed. It changed my perspective on how to cook," says Aarthi who was comparing everything in the beginning. "In India, I was working more with Asian food but after coming to the US, I learnt more about Indian food," says the chef who is thankful to Junoon for giving her such expansive exposure.

Keeping her head high amid hurdles  

This discovery led her to another Michelin star restaurant Breslin Bar in New York by Chef April Bloomfield. But making a mark in an otherwise male-dominated industry wasn't an easy feat. If she had to "fight through male chauvinism in India", she became the victim of racism in America. "There have been times when I was asked 'why are you even cooking in the kitchen'. But I was unfazed because in my mind I would say 'one day you will tell people that you worked with me’," says Aarthi.

The years of training in India and the US gave this chef the confidence to participate in the American cooking reality show Chopped in 2016, which she became the first Indian to win. Years ago, she had pinned it on her vision board, and seeing it come true was surreal.

[caption id="attachment_25971" align="aligncenter" width="793"]Chef | Aarthi Sampath | Global Indian Chef Aarthi Sampath in Tournament of Champions[/caption]

Giving Indian food an identity  

From preparing a lavish dinner for the Billionaire's Club Dinner hosted by Prime Minister Narendra Modi in NYC to starting her food truck to being a restaurant consultant, a lot has happened in the last six years. She was recently nominated as a Culinary Icon of India in the US, however, a modest Aarthi believes that "there are many other talented people in the industry who deserve to be on the list,” calling herself plain lucky.

The renowned chef, who returned to her roots in 2021 as a judge on MasterChef Tamil, is busy conceptualising her new restaurant that "will come alive by the beginning of the next year."

[caption id="attachment_25974" align="aligncenter" width="418"]Chef | Aarthi Sampath | Global Indian Chef Aarthi Sampath is the Culinary Icon of India in US.[/caption]

Working with biggies like Breslin Bar, Rainbow Room, Chinese Tuxedo, and Baazi NYC, Chef Aarthi has seen the narrative of Indian food changing in the US in the last decade. "For the longest time, terms like ‘modern Indian food’ were catching on in the US. But now it doesn't make sense as now people are moving to regional cuisines. The Indian chefs in the US are doing a little bit of tinkering like using less oil or adapting to the modern lifestyles, but they are proud of showcasing their food in an authentic way. A lot of chefs are using different techniques they learnt from other places and using them to create old flavours," says Aarthi who is happy that Indian food is having its moment in America.

Follow Aarthi Sampath on Instagram, Twitter and Linkedin

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From heritage to fine dining: Hotelier Roop Partap Choudhary’s inspiring entrepreneurial saga

(September 13, 2023) When his parents began their journey of conceptualising and building the Noormahal Palace, they spent a considerable time on the project. Naturally, this helped expose Roop Partap Choudhary to the many discussions and the extensive work that went on for years. Currently serving as the Executive Director of the Noormahal Palace Hotel (India), Choudhary is the founder of Colonel Saab in London and an award-winning hotelier. [caption id="attachment_44857" align="aligncenter" width="603"] Hotelier Roop Partap Choudhary[/caption] "I have inherited the love for our royal heritage, hospitality, and creativity from my parents. This process of building Noormahal Palace gave me a chance to give the right outlet to my natural aptitude. I went through formal education in the field and then earned the opportunity to work with some reputed organisations to understand the functionality of an organisation. My ultimate goal was to make myself capable enough to take on the role of an entrepreneur," shares the hotelier as he connects with Global Indian. Building a magnum opus After completing his schooling in Shimla, he moved to the United States for his undergraduate degree, and later relocated to Singapore for his master's degree. For someone who travelled extensively across the country,

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>Building a magnum opus

After completing his schooling in Shimla, he moved to the United States for his undergraduate degree, and later relocated to Singapore for his master's degree. For someone who travelled extensively across the country, courtesy his father’s service in the Indian Army, Choudhary was exposed to India’s glorious heritage at a young age.

“My parents have been my inspiration, on one side was the army background of my father, and on the other my mother’s passion for art and their dedication towards family. What left a lasting impression on me was also their passion for hospitality and their respect for our rich royal heritage. I am a hotelier both by profession and passion. Before embracing the family legacy of heritage hospitality, I started my career by doing internships at Galaxy Hotel and ITC Maurya, then graduated to join Kingdom of Dreams in Corporate Sales. This was the invaluable time I spent in learning about the luxury hospitality industry. But my biggest learning experience has been Noormahal Palace as I have been associated with it from a very young age,” says the hotelier.

[caption id="attachment_44860" align="aligncenter" width="689"]Hotelier | Roop Partap Choudhary | Global Indian (L-R) Roop Partap Choudhary, Col. Manbeer Choudhary and Binny Choudhary[/caption]

During the time that his parents were building the Noormahal Palace, Choudhary was captivated by the entire concept. "I was fascinated with the idea, the thoughts, the details, the architecture, the décor, and everything else that went with it," says the hotelier. The major years of his career were spent in Noormahal Palace, which he calls his unofficial first-hand experience in the hospitality industry when he got a sneak peek into what really goes into building a palatial hospitality brand. “I joined Noormahal Palace officially in 2014 and soon took over the leadership role. It was a huge responsibility but I had the right support to help me pass through the initial phase,” he adds.

Leading by example

Noormahal Palace has evolved dramatically through the years, especially during his tenure, seamlessly adopting good new practices, improving sustainability, and upgrading technology as a natural progression. In recent years, the brand has changed its image. It has also changed the way it connects with guests and audiences, the focus on digital marketing and dialogue have been key in the marketing strategy. Through this time the brand has also built a strong team which is helping it to grow every day. Noormahal Palace has grown and added many new venues in the existing campus for MICE, weddings, and wedding functions of all sizes.

[caption id="attachment_44861" align="aligncenter" width="654"]Hotelier | Roop Partap Choudhary | Global Indian Noormahal Palace, Karnal[/caption]

The Noormahal brand took a leap by making its first presence on the global canvas with the Indian fine dining restaurant ‘Colonel Saab', right in the heart of London. A feat that's nothing short of an achievement as it worked well despite the pandemic.

London Calling

He conceived the idea of Colonel Saab in early 2019 and started planning as the year progressed. “As we were working on the project, the COVID pandemic hit us hard and we had to stop the physical work for a good amount of duration. Colonel Saab is an ode to my journey with my father who has had a decorated service as an officer of the Indian Army and my mother who supported him throughout. It is not only an expression of my journey with my parents but also my passion for showcasing the depths of Indian cuisine to the global food-lover community. The hospitality industry trends of London rather than the global trends are very different from India. Here Indian food is our food, but there it is seen from an outsider’s point of view. I am delighted that in a very short span of time, we have been able to get it right and Colonel Saab has made a significant mark in the global food lovers’ community,” says Choudhary.

[caption id="attachment_44862" align="aligncenter" width="662"]Hotelier | Roop Partap Choudhary | Global Indian Colonel Saab, London[/caption]

As a second-generation entrepreneur, who comes after people who have created brilliance, the task of filling in such big shoes is always one of the biggest challenges. “Being an entrepreneur means never giving up, always trying to find solutions, and always being on top of any situation. There have been difficult situations some of which are common to all hospitality businesses or all businesses and some as huge as the COVID pandemic which are unprecedented. But one can overcome all these situations with persistence and the right team to support,” he says.

Being an entrepreneur means learning every day. Work is the biggest teacher and the most valuable lesson it teaches is that it’s never the end, there is always a way ahead. “Someone who wants to embark on the entrepreneurial journey should be open to learning from anyone, no matter their seniority,” he adds.

Looking Ahead

The hospitality industry is very demanding and that makes it very difficult to maintain work-life balance. “Still, I try my best to maintain a healthy work-life balance. In my personal time, I like to read books, especially autobiographies of inspirational people. I also invest time into exploring and enriching my art collection, some of the artworks and antiques that I have acquired are displayed at Noormahal Palace and Colonel Saab. I also like to spend time with my family when we all can take off time from work,” says Choudhary.

[caption id="attachment_44863" align="aligncenter" width="526"]Hotelier | Roop Partap Choudhary | Global Indian Nobel Peace Prize laureate, Malala Yousafzai at Colonel Saab, UK[/caption]

With Noormahal Palace and Colonel Saab already making their mark, the next step is to expand the brand, both in India and across the globe. His family and he are now looking at making more investments towards the expansion of the brand.

  • Follow Roop Partap Choudhary on LinkedIn, Instagram, Facebook, and Twitter
  • Follow Noormahal Palace on Instagram and their website
  • Follow Colonel Saab on Instagram, Facebook, LinkedIn, and their website

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Nalini Malani: Experimental artist, feminist icon

(May 3, 2023) It was year 1966. Still a student at the JJ School of Art, Nalini Malani had her first solo exhibition at Mumbai's Pundole Art Gallery, sharing studio space with big names like VS Gaitonde, Tyeb Mehta and MF Husain. In the subsequent years, she immersed herself in the art that soon became her form of expression. At a time when Indian painters were still painting the traditional way, Nalini Malani was busy experimenting with mixed media. Her art isn't just visual but an orchestra for all the five senses. Her work in the last few decades has been a comment on feminism and gender, a subject close to her heart. And her latest exhibition at London's National Gallery is proof of it, where she is smashing the patriarchy through her work. "My endeavour has always been to make art that addresses not just those who visit art galleries but the larger public, and moving images have a wider appeal," she said. For someone who can be easily called the pioneer of Multimedia Art in India, her work has been giving voice to the women who have been silenced over generations, and this has earned her the Arts

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earned her the Arts & Culture Fukuoka Prize, making her the first Asian woman to achieve the feat. The 77-year-old artist, who studied in the Paris, has carved a niche for herself in the art world.

[caption id="attachment_38042" align="aligncenter" width="780"]Nalini Malani | Artist | Global Indian Nalini Malani[/caption]

The beginning - Mumbai to Paris

Nalini's journey began a year before India attained independence, and her family sought refuge in Kolkata during the Partition before relocating to Mumbai in 1958. During her formative years, the conflict of displacement and refuge played a crucial role in her life, and soon she began expressing herself through art. Her idea of creative liberation took her to the JJ School of Art where she obtained a diploma in Fine Arts. During her art school days, she had a studio at the Bhulabhai Memorial Institute, which was a multidisciplinary centre inviting artists, musicians and theater actors to work individually and as a community. This experience gave the young Nalini the perfect exposure and became a stepping stone for her participation in the Vision Exchange Workshop (VIEW), an initiative by veteran artist Akbar Padamsee. With art being a male-dominated craft, she was the only female member at the workshop. It was here that she developed a penchant for photography and film, and explored the themes of the turbulent political and social scenario of India during those times.

In 1970, Malani moved to Paris on a scholarship awarded by the French government to study fine arts. In Paris, Malani found the freedom to design her own education since the Ecole des Beaux-Arts was yet to reconfigure its new syllabus. Those two years in the capital of France, Malani practiced printmaking at Atelier Friedlander and immersed herself in Marxist politics while attending lectures by Naom Chomsky, Simone de Beauvoir and attending film screenings at the Cinematheque Francaise where she met Jean-Luc Godard and Chris Marker. Paris gave her the foundation she needed as an artist before returning to India in 1973.

Nalini Malani | Global Indian | Artist

The feminist artist

Upon her return, she settled in the bustling market of Lohar Chawl in Mumbai where her work reflected the lives of middle-class Indian families. She began working with paintings - acrylic on canvas and watercolour on paper, and produced art that portrayed contemporary India. Though Paris gave her the freedom to explore art, she was disappointed with the lack of acknowledgement that women artists had to face back home in the 70s. She resolved to bring them together for a group show after a meeting with visual artist Nancy Spero and American feminist artist May Stevens at the AIR Gallery in New York in 1979. Seeing the gallery's fierce determination to create a space for the work of female artists, Nalini returned to India with idea of extending the formula. After years of negotiation with public and private institutions, she curated the first exhibition of Indian female artists, titled Through The Looking Glass. It toured for three years, between 1986 and 1989, to non-commercial venues as Nalini was keen to take art beyond the elitist atmosphere of the art gallery.

Nalini has been an advocate for feminism and has made every attempt to make women visible outside the narratives of femininity through her work. She often gave voice to women who have been silenced by works of literature like Sita from Ramayana and Cassandra and Medea from Greek mythology. "Understanding the world from a feminist perspective is an essential device for a more hopeful future, if we want to achieve something like human progress, she said at Centre Pompiduo in 2018.

 

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A post shared by Nalini Malani (@nalinimalani)

Pioneer in Multimedia Art

Over the next few years, her art was exhibited in India and abroad. She has been one of the earliest artists to experiment with mixed media and move away from traditional media. "A major turning point in my relationship to written sources in my work came in 1979 when I met the artist RB Kitaj at one of his exhibitions in New York. There I saw an artwork titled If Not, Not, taken from TS Eliot’s The Wasteland. Kitaj said to me: 'Some texts have artworks in them.' Since then, the inclusion of literary or philosophical excerpts has remained a constant in my practice," she told Studio International in an interview.

It was in the 90s that her work began to drastically incorporate medium other than the canvas after the Babri Masjid demolition as it triggered a shift in her art. The renewed religious conflicts that brought back the memories of the Partition for her pushed her artistic endeavours past the boundaries of the surface and into the space. Her foray into the performing art and keen interest in literature brought new dimensions to her art. This even led her to create a new form of art, the video-play that would allow her theatre plays to travel.

 

View this post on Instagram

 

A post shared by Nalini Malani (@nalinimalani)

Known as one of the pioneers of Multimedia Art, she found her work exhibited across the globe from New Zealand to Switzerland to Mauritius to USA. In 2013, she added another feather to her cap when she became the first Asian woman to receive the Arts & Culture Fukuoka Prize for her consistent focus on contemporary themes like war, oppression of women and environmental destruction.

Malani, who began her journey in the art scene in the 60s, has come a long way and has become a name to reckon with in the international art circle.

Key takeaways:

- Embrace experimentation: A pioneer in multimedia art, Nalini moved away from traditional media at a time when it wasn't heard of.  Experiment with different forms of art and media to create a unique style and reach a wider audience.

- Speak your truth: Malani used her art to express her beliefs and address pressing social, political, and cultural issues. Art can be used to voice opinions and make comments on important issues.

- Promote inclusivity and accessibility: As Malani did, curating non-commercial exhibitions and collaborations with public institutions can go a long way in bringing inclusivity and accessibility to the art world.

- Build a supportive community: Malani engaged with other artists, mentors, and peers to learn from their experiences, collaborate, and create a supportive network. A supportive community can bring invaluable resources and opportunities for growth.

  • Follow Nalini Malani on Instagram and Twitter

 

Reading Time: 5 min

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Ramayana’s global odyssey: Cultural adaptations and twists

(November 8, 2023) Ramayana, the ancient Indian epic, and the most revered text of Indian mythology stands as a timeless narrative that has transcended borders and evolved in multiple versions. The universal tale of the Indian mythology ventured into distant lands from India, in places like the heart of Indonesia to the exotic temples of Cambodia, and even the archipelagic Philippines. These adaptations, weave the lasting influence of the Ramayana on different cultures. Global Indian uncovers the footprints of the Ramayana in locales outside India, and how this has led to twists on the story of the timeless epic. Kakawin Ramayana: The Indonesian twist on an Indian epic The Ramayana arrived in Indonesia in the 8th or 9th century, and is known there as the Kakawin Ramayana. It has deeply influenced Indonesian culture, particularly among the Javanese, Balinese, and Sudanese communities, serving as a moral guide and a form of artistic expression. Traditional Wayang puppetry, including Wayang Golek and Wayang Kulit, helped integrate the Ramayana and Mahabharata into Indonesian culture. [caption id="attachment_46580" align="aligncenter" width="679"] Indonesia's artists depicting the story of Ramayana on stage[/caption] While the Kakawin Ramayana shares many characters with the Indian version, it also incorporates indigenous Javanese deities

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balindian.com//wp-content/uploads/2023/11/EejQYwdUEAAgmg_.jpg" alt="Indonesia | Global Indian " width="679" height="452" /> Indonesia's artists depicting the story of Ramayana on stage[/caption]

While the Kakawin Ramayana shares many characters with the Indian version, it also incorporates indigenous Javanese deities like Semar and his four sons. One notable difference is the portrayal of Sita, who is depicted as a strong and assertive figure in the Kakawin Ramayana, in contrast to the demure and patient Sita in the Indian version.

Ramakien: Thailand's unique take on the Ramayana

In Thailand, the Ramakien, meaning the 'glory of Rama,' has become a national epic. King Rama VI played a crucial role in popularising it. The origins of the epic can be traced back to Vishnu Purana, Valmiki's Ramayana, and the Hanuman Nataka. While the original epic portrays Lord Hanuman as acting alone when setting Lanka on fire, Ramakien tells of how he led a monkey army in the attack on Krung Longka (Lanka). Hanuman used his magical powers to create a bridge for his monkey soldiers to overcome the water barrier.

[caption id="attachment_46569" align="aligncenter" width="700"]Ramayana in Thailand | Global Indian Thailand's artists depicting the story of Ramayana[/caption]

Unlike the original Ramayana, which primarily focuses on Lord Rama and his virtues, Ramakien delves deeper into the character of the demon king, Tosakanth. Ramakien admires Ravana's resourcefulness and portrays his abduction of Sita as an act of love, evoking sympathy.

Reamker: Cambodia's enduring Ramayana influence

The Cambodian rendition of the Ramayana, known as 'Reamker' or 'Ramakerti,' traces its roots in Cambodian culture as far back as the 10th century AD. Ancient Hindu temples in the region contain early references to the Ramayana, while the famous Angkor Wat temple showcases various episodes from the epic. In Reamker, Lord Ram is referred as 'Preah Ream,' Ravana as 'Krong Reap,' Sita as 'Neang Seda,' and Lakshman as 'Preah Leak,' while Hanuman retains his name with a slight pronunciation variation.

[caption id="attachment_46570" align="aligncenter" width="667"]Ramayana | Global Indian Artists of Cambodia depicting the story of Ramayana on stage[/caption]

The influence of the Ramayana on Cambodian culture is strong the story is depicted on Angkor's bas-reliefs and temple frescoes. It's a central theme in the traditional shadow play, ‘Sbek Thom’ and also forms the basis of the popular masked dance Ikhon Khol. Cambodians revere the character of Ram not only from a Hindu perspective but also as an embodiment of the Buddha himself, adding a unique layer of significance to the epic.

Hikayat Seri Rama: Malay adaptation of the Ramayana

Hikayat Seri Rama is the Malay adaptation of the Hindu Ramayana, believed to have been written between the 13th and 15th centuries. It's one of Malaysia's oldest known manuscripts and quite likely the oldest illuminated Malay manuscript. While the core story remains faithful to the original Sanskrit version, some aspects were adjusted to fit the local context, including names' spelling and pronunciation.

[caption id="attachment_46572" align="aligncenter" width="643"]Ramayana | Global Indian Malaysia's artists depicting the story on stage[/caption]

Over time, numerous branch stories emerged in the Malay adaptation of Ramayana, elevating minor characters or introducing new ones. For instance, in some variations, Laksmana takes on a more prominent role, often overshadowing Rama. Rama, though virtuous, is sometimes seen as less decisive, with the younger Laksmana admired for his courage and assertiveness.

Maharadia Lawana: Ramayana's Philippine influence

The famous Filipino 'Singkil' dance, rooted in the Ramayana, is a cherished folk dance of the Maranao people of Lake Lanao. The Hindu religion reached the Philippines from the Majapahit Empire between the 17th and 19th centuries. During this time, the epic integrated into the Philippines' folk literary tradition.

[caption id="attachment_46574" align="aligncenter" width="705"]Ramayana | Global Indian Phillipines' artists depicting the story of Ramayana on stage[/caption]

In the Maranao tribe, the Ramayana takes on a unique form known as 'Maharadia Lawana,' narrating the tale of an immortal ‘monkey-king’. This local dance style encapsulates the Ramayana's story, although certain elements are adapted or omitted. Notably, details about Lawana's (Ravana's) birth, death, and his motivation for kidnapping Sita are excluded. The fate of Lawana after combat remains ambiguous. In this version, Vibhishana's character is absent, and Hanuman and Lava-Kusa merge into a single character, Lakhsamana.

Sri Lanka's Ramayana journey: Echoes to heroic Ravana

Although there is evidence of early poetic works related to the epic within literate circles in Sri Lanka, especially in Kumaradasa's fifth-century Janakiharana, it wasn't until the 14th century that a substantial influence of the Ramayana became apparent in Sri Lanka. During this time the story got amalgamated with the Sinhala Buddhist folklore, literature, and temple practices. Ravana, in this version, is celebrated as a heroic figure, renowned for his exceptional warrior skills and compassionate rule, accompanied by remarkable intellect. Additionally, some even assert that Ravana may have been the first to pioneer aviation, centuries prior to the Wright brothers' achievements.

[caption id="attachment_46581" align="aligncenter" width="771"]Ravana's Fort This is considered to be the remnants of Ravana's Fort in Sri Lanka[/caption]

Sri Lanka and the Ramayana share a deep-rooted connection since the island nation has a significant mention in the Ramayana. It is believed to be the kingdom of Lanka, where the episodes of Lord Rama's quest to rescue Sita unfolded. The interlinking of Sri Lanka with the epic has made the tiny island nation an integral part of the larger Indian cultural tapestry.

The multiple adaptations of Ramayana illuminates the power of storytelling and the ability of one epic to resonate with diverse societies, transcending geographical and cultural boundaries. These adaptations have enriched the world literature and has helped India’s epic tale gain global significance.

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Building Bamboo House India – The Lingams’ rocky road to success

(January 16, 2023) In the year 2006, three months into their marriage, the quest to buy an eco-friendly sofa set for their home took Prashant and Aruna Lingam to a small village called “Katlamara” on the India-Bangladesh border. Enamoured by bamboo and the amazing skills of the local bamboo communities, they decided on social entrepreneurship themselves. It was an unknown domain then but they took the risk, launching Bamboo House India in 2007. [caption id="attachment_33883" align="alignnone" width="3915"] Prashant and Aruna Lingam, co-founders, Bamboo House India[/caption] A risky leap to social entrepreneurship It was a tough call for a middle-class, just married couple to get into the bamboo business and their families were much against it. Yet, they went ahead. The decision proved costly for them during the next three years, forcing them into a debt of Rs. 60 lakh (approximately $ 80,000) owing to a failed business model. Despite being plagued with physical, mental, financial, and personal woes, their passion for bamboo refused to die. “Today, Bamboo House India is the largest builder of bamboo and recycled plastic houses in the country with a robust social business model which never existed in India earlier,” smile Prashant and Aruna, speaking exclusively

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nancial, and personal woes, their passion for bamboo refused to die. “Today, Bamboo House India is the largest builder of bamboo and recycled plastic houses in the country with a robust social business model which never existed in India earlier,” smile Prashant and Aruna, speaking exclusively to Global Indian.

The successful revival of their enterprise from the brink of a complete washout provided them with an opportunity to bring a bamboo revolution to India.

Challenges galore

“Years of failures coupled with knowledge gained from tribal communities, waste pickers, farmers, municipal bodies, and multi-lateral agencies taught us to comprehend the ground realities and think out-of-the-box,” say the founders of Bamboo House India, who have received many awards for their work.

While Prashant is a management graduate, Aruna is a science graduate. Their initial days of entrepreneurship were tough. “My post-pregnancy complications, my husband’s year-long immobility caused by a near-fatal accident, the deaths of six loved ones, lack of household income, and my inability to put proper food on the table for two years only aggravated the situation took a toll on my mental health,” informs Aruna. In those trying times, Aruna had to offer up whatever little jewellery she had left, to rework their business model and give their bamboo enterprise another try.

Prashant, Aruna Lingam | Bamboo House of India | Global Indian

When fortune favoured them

It was only after a Hyderabad-based client reached out to them for a bamboo project that fortune for this couple turned its course. “But the client’s lack of trust about the durability of the product became a stumbling block. I convinced him to pay us post production and only if the end-result is up to his satisfaction,” recalls Prashant.

The end product not only turned out to be extremely well-constructed but also earned a good reputation for the bamboo houses in the region. The success led them to build recreational bamboo houses at the behest of prime corporate houses like Google and Infosys.

For Prashant and Aruna, their difficult entrepreneurial journey introduced them to certain qualities and abilities which they never knew existed. “I never knew I had so much determination, patience, and ability to take extreme risks and fight so many odds,” says Aruna, while Prashant nods in complete agreement.

Recognition for the ‘bamboo couple of India’

Known as the “bamboo couple of India” Prashant and Aruna networked effectively and brought in stakeholders like the Confederation of Indian Industries, the Indian Institute of Technology, the National Mission on Bamboo Applications, and Andhra Pradesh Forest Department, forging a multi-stakeholder partnership which triggered the construction of 300+ eco houses till date.

Their work received greater recognition from the US State Department not only when they nominated Aruna for the prestigious International Visitor Leadership Program for global thought leaders but also when they made a short video feature on their innovative work for Global Entrepreneurship summit 2017 (Hyderabad), an event graced by Prime Minister Narendra Modi and the then US President Donald Trump’s daughter Ivanka Trump.

Recognition for their work continued when they received an invitation from the Government of Kenya to replicate their social business models in their country and case studies by the Indian School of Business, ICFAI University, University of Mexico, and IDEX. “It further strengthened our belief in the work we were doing,” smile the couple, who also constructed 100 low-cost shelters using plastic waste and received global attention after coverage by BBC and the World Economic Forum.

A creative business model

“We designed a lean, sustainable, and innovative business model which laid a road map for our personal and professional growth,” says Aruna, who believes that their business is commercially profitable and socially impactful because of the innovative products designed to meet customer needs without compromising on the social deliverables.

When they were struggling to get a foothold in the market, the lack of funds nudged them to rope in the media as an important stakeholder in their vision to achieve social progress. What started with a single local newspaper coverage in 2006 has today snowballed to media features in over 1500 national and international media platforms including Entrepreneur, BBC, Brut, CII, CNN, World Economic Forum, French TV, Australian TV, to name a few.

Lifetime learners

Aruna believes that theoretical knowledge is an important foundation for an entrepreneur’s toolkit, which they could not obtain during their initial days of entrepreneurial journey.

“All our decisions were based on intuition and gut-feel, rather than organized subject knowledge, and today I have decided to go back to school and obtain the required learning to scale my impact,” says Aruna, who is all set to broaden her horizon by pursuing her masters in innovation and entrepreneurship from London School of Economics. Their innovative social business models have been globally studied with universities Harvard, Cornell, Kellogg and ISB doing case studies on their work.

Last year, www.reall.net, a UK-based social housing company offered to bring in investment in their work and this year too they proposed a green entrepreneurship project from IKEA Foundation.

“My innovations in plastic waste shelter solutions found a platform under the UNDP program for possible global replication. Still, I am afraid to take up projects of this magnitude due to lack of organized subject knowledge, lack of business model clarity. That’s why I want to go back to school and capitalise on my experiences,” explains Aruna, a renowned speaker on national and international platforms on various topics including circular economy, waste management and social entrepreneurship.

Aruna has also been named among the world's 100 social entrepreneurs bringing a change with her work and her bamboo work has been featured in World Bank Report as well.

Creating employment

Motivating people to pursue their dreams and having successfully created employment opportunities for thousands of artisans and waste pickers, she has mentored and influenced students, academicians, children, housewives, corporates, NGOs, and society at large with her work.

Experimenting with new material has been central to their success. Once, the entrepreneur-couple even used discarded tyres and came up with a range of fabulously comfortable furniture by taking unwanted lorry and car tyres and turning them into quirky seating options with creative flair and endless innovation.
“Once, we saw tyres being burnt and the owner told us there was no process in place to discard them. We decided to help with the problem,” says Prashant.

Constant experimentation

 

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A post shared by Bamboo House India (@bamboohouseindia)

The founders of Bamboo House India have also experimented with trash plastic bottles to build sustainable homes, replacing bricks. “Housing shortfall in India stands today at 148 lakh dwelling units and we hope our innovative techniques will help bring it down,” say the Lingam couple, who are on a mission to improve the housing situation of the poor in the country. For those who do not know, a mud-filled plastic bottle is no less strong than a brick.

A plastic bottle house costs a quarter of the money required to build a conventional house, points out Prashant. The 225 sq ft house looks like an ordinary home, but it differs in many ways. “The structure has the added advantage of being fire proof and earthquake resistant,” says the TEDx speaker. In terms of strength, performance is equal to bricks and may be better too.

Prashant feels the in the mantra “reduce, reuse and recycle”, the ‘reuse’ part is often overlooked. In one pilot project, they built a house with bamboo and bottles.

How it works

Explaining how they went about it, Prashant says while the basic skeleton was made with bamboo, bottles filled with mud were placed both vertically and horizontally for walls, which offers thermal insulation. “The plastering was done with mud and cow dung and Cement plaster was used only for the final coat. The roof was made with bamboo attached to wooden batons,” he explains.

Over the years, the couple constructed 55 street vending kiosks using plastic waste, laid10,000 sq. ft of recycled plastic paver tiles, installed 5,000 recycled plastic street dust bins, enabling then to circulate 10,000 MT of plastic waste from landfills and water bodies.

“Continuing with our eco spirit, we developed low-cost shelters using agricultural waste to address the issue of stubble burning and to date, have constructed 25 Agri waste houses circulating close to 5,000 tons of agricultural waste,” inform the Lingams, who employ thousands of artisans from villages including women on a part-time basis ensuring their livelihood and a better standard of living.

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About Global Indian

Global Indian – a Hero’s Journey is an online publication which showcases the journeys of Indians who went abroad and have had an impact on India. 

These journeys are meant to inspire and motivate the youth to aspire to go beyond where they were born in a spirit of adventure and discovery and return home with news ideas, capital or network that has an impact in some way for India.

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