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Indian CEO | Jayshree Ullal | Global Indian
Global IndianstoryJayshree Ullal: The Indian-origin CEO who is on Forbes’ 2022 list of America’s richest self-made women
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Jayshree Ullal: The Indian-origin CEO who is on Forbes’ 2022 list of America’s richest self-made women

Written by: Amrita Priya

(July 27, 2022) In a fireside chat with Satya Nadella, when Jayshree Ullal brought up the topic of leadership, Nadella quickly responded that he finds people like her, who have created massive organisations out of nothing, inspirational and that he learns quite a lot by watching such leadership.

Since the time Jayshree joined as the CEO and president of the then newly launched Arista Networks in 2008, she has nurtured the organisation into a global leader in networking technology. An American computer networking startup with just 50 employees and pretty low revenue, Arista Networks blossomed into a specialised market leader in the area of open-source cloud software and Ethernet switches. Under Jayshree’s leadership, the company went public and launched its Initial Public Offering (IPO) on the New York Stock Exchange in 2014. It has scaled up to an employee strength of close to 3,000 and a revenue of $2.95 billion as recorded in 2021. Global Indian turns its spotlight on the quintessential woman in STEM.

Indian CEO | Jayshree Ullal | Global Indian

Jayshree Ullal, CEO, Arista Networks

From London to India to the USA

Born in London to physicists Sudarajan and Nirmala Vedantham, Jayshree moved to India as a five-year-old. She studied at the Convent of Jesus and Mary, Delhi — an all-girls school with an inclination towards math and science, in contrast to the popular choice of her classmates.

Right after completing her high school, she moved to the US, where her father was transferred. She chose San Francisco State University for her degree in electrical engineering. However, interestingly, she was among the only two girls in the class of 70. Unfazed by this gap, she continued pursuing what she loved and went on to get her master’s degree in engineering management from Santa Clara University, California.

To ensure that there are more women in the sphere of technology, in an interview with BusinessLine, she said:

“We should encourage girls to pursue science and math in their early school years and must not let them opt out.”

Indian CEO | Jayshree Ullal | Global Indian

Jayshree Ullal with her sister when they were kids

Broadening the skill set

Starting her career in the 1980s with Advanced Micro Devices, Jayshree went on to work for organisations like Fairchild Semiconductor and Ungermann-Bass. She moved up the ladder at Crescendo Communications, where she became vice president of marketing, having broadened her skills to transform herself into an engineer with a knack for marketing.

When Tom Mendoza, former president and vice chairman of the pioneering data management company NetApp, conducted a virtual conversation with her for his webinar series, Jayshree gave solid advice for aspiring professionals and students. “In today’s world, interdisciplinary fields are more important than ever,” she mentioned.

Recommending to not just seek what one’s gift is, but also to know how one can connect the dots between one’s gift and other areas, she said:

“If you’re in engineering, you might have to learn some business. If you’re in computer science, you might want to learn something about data science and analytics. If you’re in marketing, you might want to study how lead generation is done today.” 

In 1993, Cisco Systems purchased Crescendo Communications, and Jayshree became an integral part of the tech giant, overseeing more than 20 mergers and acquisitions in her journey to becoming senior vice president of the organisation. She invested 15 years of her career polishing her leadership skills at Cisco when the initial contract with the organisation was just for two years.

Setting the benchmark

Later, Jayshree Ullal took charge as the top executive of Arista Networks and added her own touch of leadership to the organisation with the notion that neither two CEOs nor two companies and their business models are alike, and hence, working with one’s own trademark leadership style, fine-tuning it with the nature of the business, is something that is going to help the organisation thrive. Arista Networks thrived, indeed becoming a game changer under Jayshree’s leadership.

Indian CEO | Jayshree Ullal | Global Indian

According to reports, the Indian-origin CEO with an entrepreneurial bent of mind owns about 5 percent of Arista’s stock and has a net worth of close to $2 billion as of 2022. She has also joined the board of directors of Snowflake, a cloud computing company that went public in September 2020.

The value of human connections

The leader, who has constantly defied norms, strongly believes in a support system – be it family at home or colleagues at work. The mother of two has always credited the support of her husband, Vijay Ullal, her parents, sister and her spouse for her successful innings as a top business executive. “Not trying to be perfect all the time, being realistic” and “to be able to make trade-offs” are some of her winning mantras for sailing successfully in both worlds.

Indian-Origin CEO | Global Indian

Jayshree has always voiced the significance of identifying the special gift that we possess, creating one’s own turning points, and valuing the human connections in the journey of life.

Some of the awards and recognition that have come her way:

  • Ernst & Young bestowed her with the Entrepreneur of the Year award in 2015.
  • She was recognised as one of Barron’s World’s Best CEOs in 2018.
  • She was recognised as one of the Top 50 Most Powerful Women in Technology by the California Diversity Council in 2018.
  • She became one of Fortune’s Top 20 Business Persons in 2019.
  • In the list of 100, she appears on 15th position on Forbes 2022 America’s Richest Self-Made Women 

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  • Arista Networks
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Published on 27, Jul 2022

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Indian social entrepreneur Dr Ruha Shadab – How her Led By Foundation gave India its first incubator for Muslim women

(January 7, 2022) A physician and medical professional who entered the halls of public policy and healthcare in India to augur change, Dr Ruha Shadab today champions Muslim women empowerment through her organisation Led By foundation. The Indian social entrepreneur brings rejuvenated depth as a doctor to public policy which often gets waylaid by the lack of on-the-ground knowledge. The Harvard-educated girl comes with a wealth of experience from her time at NITI Ayog, the Clinton Health Initiative and the Gates Foundation, which endowed Ruha with the tools to spearhead social entrepreneurship. From Saudi Arabia to India The Saudi Arabia born’s shift to India as a child brought her in touch with a starkly different cultural landscape – from being a majority to a minority. After finishing her MBBS at Lady Hardinge College in Delhi, she worked at the Clinton Health Initiative, and at Government of India think-tank NITI Ayog. She then went on to Cambridge, MA, for master’s in public policy at Harvard Kennedy School (2019-20). The amalgamation of these key roles saw Shadab hone the skills to lead and emulate. It nurtured a philosophy steeped in giving. The more Ruha searched, the less she found Muslim women represented

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, the less she found Muslim women represented in the Indian work force. Not to mention an abject lack of opportunities, learning and foundation, imperative to growth.

[caption id="attachment_18565" align="aligncenter" width="600"]Indian Social Entrepreneur | Dr Ruha Shadab | Global Indian Dr Ruha Shadab with her Led By foundation team[/caption]

“I grew up as a middle child in a family of five. I have an elder and younger brother who are arguably my closest friends. They are my biggest supporters and cheer leaders - I love them to absolute death,” smiles the 31-year-old Indian social entrepreneur. Ever grateful for her parents support, the daughter adds, “They continue to be supportive of my educational and professional decisions when I moved from medical sciences to public policy and social entrepreneurship. I think they have great faith in me and my moral compass. They are my guiding north star.”

The physician turned towards public policy and healthcare, studied at Harvard on a public service fellowship, and was the first Indian to be awarded the Harvard Kennedy School women’s leadership award. “The experience was fantastic as it opened up and widened my exposure, dramatically. I was able to learn from other movements, and other successful social endeavours. It was one of my biggest learnings, which I was able to bring back home to start Led By foundation,” Shadab tells Global Indian.

As the first Indian to receive the Barbara Johnson Women’s Leadership Award, Ruha is grateful for the appreciation of her hard work. “The award has five criteria –  to build a community at the school which I did by organising the largest student-run conference, the India Conference at Harvard. Next was furthering issues of public importance outside the school, where I spoke about the inclusion of Muslim women in India. The third was being an example of a potential role model for other women aspiring to be leaders. I was humbled as they thought my work was that of a potential role model. Fourth, was displaying excellence in academic achievement (through grades),” explains the Muslim woman social entrepreneur who was selected for other leadership programmes while there. The fifth - being able to leverage leadership to advance gender equity in unprecedented times, Ruha continues to address with LBF.

[caption id="attachment_18567" align="aligncenter" width="800"]Indian Social Entrepreneur | Dr Ruha Shadab | Global Indian Dr Ruha Shadab with the CEO of Gates Foundation[/caption]

How vaccines can change the world

In a world where Covid strains continue to paralyse nations and people in 2022, Shadab, during a project at Yale, (while doing her master’s at Harvard) worked on the ethics and inequities of vaccines - most pertinent to current pandemic times.

“I was working at Yale while a student at Harvard, as co-chair of the India Conference at Harvard, as first author for a medical ethics paper, and later I interned at the Gates Foundation on a global health strategy framework on cervical cancer. It was extremely interesting that we were discussing global inequities of vaccines. Our argument was on how to address global inequity of vaccine supply for cervical cancer, which is the only cancer that can be cured by a vaccine right now. Once you get infected with the HPV (Human papillomavirus), you can develop cervical cancer at any point in life. So, it’s important to get the vaccine before you ever get exposed to the virus - it prevents you from getting the cancer,” enthuses the public policy expert.

Addressing the lack of supply, she elaborates, “It’s also the most expensive vaccine which is a part of the immunisation protocol. With limited supply, and an expensive vaccine, how do we ensure that this gets to the developing world where it is needed the most?” thus resonating with current Covid inequity.

The team looked at the problem scientifically and ethically. “Ethically, it is about minimising inequities, and scientifically, the two doses versus one. You can start to sense these conversations are even more relevant in Covid. The whole argument about the ethical framework for addressing vaccine inequity is applicable to the Covid vaccines. Having all the thinking done by the most senior scientific advisors, and knowledgeable experts of HPV, and to be with them for a year discussing the problem, and also seeing how our answers adapted to a Covid and pandemic world was interesting. It felt worthwhile to be able to contribute to address global inequities for healthcare,” the Indian social entrepreneur avers.

[caption id="attachment_18568" align="aligncenter" width="800"]Indian Social Entrepreneur | Dr Ruha Shadab | Global Indian Dr Ruha Shadab at WHO[/caption]

When medicine led to an authority on healthcare

Her NITI Ayog role was where Ruha first broke ground. She was entrenched into the world’s largest government health insurance scheme. “It was a fantastic experience. I understood the personal pressures of a government, and the nuances of public policy making,” says the girl who loves donning her jogging shoes to go for a run. If not that, then it’s baking which relaxes the Indian social entrepreneur.

Her focus has evolved - to promote a cohesive, respectful and inclusive economy emphasising on eliminating entry and retention barriers for underrepresented women.

At the Clinton Health Foundation, was her first non-medical role. “A very senior doctor who worked in government relations and stakeholder management and I were the only doctors. I was the only young doctor, fresh medical graduate, that Clinton at that point had ever hired in India,” says Ruha who underwent a massive cultural shift from working in a hospital with no concept of weekdays and weekends to working in a structured corporate setup. “It helped hone my quantitative skills. It was arguably my first heavy step towards public health and policy,” she adds.

How to lead by example

Ruha started the Led By foundation in 2020 to champion Muslim women in India. The Cheng Fellow started it as the first leadership incubator for Indian Muslim women which provides experiential leadership to under-graduates and post-graduates, and connects them to mentors, even aids with capital.

“Our goal is to represent Indian Muslim women in the work force. We are currently 8 percent of the population but less that 1 percent of any leadership roles. There is work to be done. It is also important to find root causes of different access and work towards solving those root causes through Led By,” the Indian social entrepreneur explains. Through its incubator, LB foundation has supported a large number of women dream bigger, apply for dream jobs, get coached and nurtured through the core team, with over 150 advisors.

“We’ve had women nurture entrepreneurial dreams, today, one is a co-founder of a multi-million dollar ed tech startup which recently got funded,” says Ruha. Jobs, colleges and entrepreneurship guidance aside, the aim is to, “help move the need-alone workforce participation of Indian Muslim women.”

[caption id="attachment_18569" align="aligncenter" width="596"]Indian Social Entrepreneur | Dr Ruha Shadab | Global Indian Dr Ruha Shadab[/caption]

The fellowship aided 24 women in 2020, and has coached a total of around 60 fellows. Led By has also worked with over 5,000 women since inception. Executive coaches like Kit Pappenheimer, Leadership in Motion and Dr Shreya Sarker-Barney, founder & CEO, Human Capital Growth among others mentor the girls.

Policy matters to Ruha who is often seeing pouring over the Economist.

Ruha, the girl with a plan

The Indian social entrepreneur's love for India has grown since she moved as a child. Having lived and worked in the US, the sights, sounds and hubris of India inspire her.

“What I love about returning to India every single time is having these physicals markers of my memories - the story of my life was written in the streets of Delhi and NCR, no place feels like home like this city. India is home, you love your home because of the sheer reason that it is your home. The resilience of India as a country, as a people and as individuals amazes me. That inspires me every day, that’s why I love India,” says Ruha, who is ready to move forward as a torchbearer for Muslim women empowerment as she continues leadership fellowships and accelerator programmes in 2022, adding, “Inshallah, I hope to have 10,000 women benefit from our programmes very soon.”

  • Follow Dr Ruha Shadab on Twitter and Instagram

Reading Time: 8 min

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Lalita Ramakrishnan: Trailblazer in TB research honoured with the 2024 Robert Koch Prize

(November 19, 2024) In the quiet labs of the University of Cambridge and the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge, groundbreaking discoveries are made in the fight against one of the world’s oldest and deadliest diseases—tuberculosis (TB). At the centre of this transformative work is Dr Lalita Ramakrishnan, a visionary scientist and physician who has pioneered the use of freshwater fish, the zebrafish as a model organism to unravel the complexities of TB. Her journey, spanning continents and disciplines, is as inspiring as her discoveries. In November 2024, her groundbreaking contributions were recognized with the prestigious Robert Koch Prize, awarded in Berlin. This accolade, endowed with €120,000, celebrates outstanding achievements in the field of infectious disease research and is a result of her lifelong dedication to science. [caption id="attachment_60264" align="aligncenter" width="800"] Lalita Ramakrishnan with other recipients of the 2024 Robert Koch Prize, in Berlin[/caption] The Robert Koch Prize is a highly esteemed scientific award presented annually by the Robert Koch Foundation to honor exceptional contributions to scientific research. Named after Robert Koch (1843–1910), the German physician who pioneered modern bacteriology and received the Nobel Prize in Medicine and Physiology in 1905, the award celebrates groundbreaking advancements in science. Lalita

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y the Robert Koch Foundation to honor exceptional contributions to scientific research. Named after Robert Koch (1843–1910), the German physician who pioneered modern bacteriology and received the Nobel Prize in Medicine and Physiology in 1905, the award celebrates groundbreaking advancements in science.

Lalita Ramakrishnan's efforts to address the deadly impact of tuberculosis are not confined to well-resourced countries. The Global Indian collaborates closely with clinicians in high-burden regions like India, Vietnam, and Indonesia to ensure that her findings reach those most affected “Clinical work is slow no matter where you are, but in under-resourced areas, it’s even more challenging. It’s crucial to bring these innovations where they’re needed most,” she emphasised.

Tuberculosis: A global health challenge

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, primarily affecting the lungs but capable of impacting other parts of the body. It remains one of the world’s deadliest infectious diseases, claiming over 1.5 million lives annually, with millions more falling ill each year. TB disproportionately affects low and middle-income countries, perpetuating cycles of poverty and poor health. It's drug-resistant strains pose a growing threat to global public health efforts.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8ACub0wgeKo

Indian footprints in global science and health research

Driven by curiosity and ambition, many Indian researchers venture abroad to access advanced facilities, collaborate with leading global scientists, and explore cutting-edge technologies. These experiences not only enrich their expertise but also position them as key contributors to solving critical global health issues.

From pioneering affordable vaccines to advancing genomics and epidemiology, Indian scientists and researchers have consistently demonstrated excellence on the international stage. Figures like Lalita Ramakrishnan, a trailblazer in tuberculosis research, highlight India's growing influence in shaping global health solutions. 

Using the freshwater fish, zebrafish as model to study TB immunity

Lalita’s journey to using zebrafish for TB research began during her postdoctoral fellowship at Stanford University. Her mentor, Stanley Falkow, discouraged her from working on Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacteria that cause TB in humans, because it grows very slowly and requires special safety precautions. Instead, he suggested she try studying Mycobacterium marinum, a close relative that infects fish and amphibians.

Curious, Lalita dug into a bacteriology manual and decided to experiment with M. marinum in zebrafish larvae. These tiny, see-through fish turned out to be perfect for her research, as their transparent bodies made it possible to watch infections unfold under a microscope. 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EQij4xtnkx0

 

“When we saw granulomas, the hallmark structures of TB, forming in zebrafish, it was a eureka moment,” she said. This approach gave scientists a completely new way to understand how TB bacteria interact with the body’s immune system.

Early Influences: From India to a global stage

Lalita Ramakrishnan’s scientific journey began in Vadodara, India, where she was born in 1959 into a family of scientists. Along with her parents, her brother, Venki Ramakrishnan who is a Nobel laureate instilled in her a curiosity for science. While her mother’s battles with spinal tuberculosis left an indelible mark, exposing young Lalita to the harsh realities of the disease.

“I was only 17 when I began medical school in Baroda,” Lalita recalls, “but I soon realized that medicine alone wouldn’t satisfy my curiosity.” She later pursued a PhD in immunology at Tufts University in Boston, merging her medical training with research. “As I was doing my PhD, I saw medicine in a new light,” she shared.

Indian Scientist | Robert Koch Prize Winner | Global Indian

She completed her medical residency at Tufts Medical Center, followed by a fellowship in infectious diseases at the University of California, San Francisco. It was during this time that her interest in TB crystallized. “TB was attractive to me because it is obviously a huge problem, but, at the same time, I found biology really fascinating,” she explained. Her postdoctoral work at Stanford University further cemented her path as she developed the zebrafish model that would become central to her groundbreaking research.

In 2001, Lalita Ramakrishnan set up her own lab at the University of Washington. There, she thrived in a dynamic research community, and her bold decision to use zebrafish led to groundbreaking discoveries that reshaped the understanding and treatment of TB.

Bridging basic science and clinical applications

Lalita’s research seamlessly bridges lab discoveries with human health implications. Her academic and professional journey also took her to Cambridge in 2014, where she joined the University of Cambridge as a Wellcome Trust Principal Research Fellow. This move marked another chapter in her career, allowing her to work in a globally renowned research environment in the United Kingdom. Here, she continued to expand her work on host-pathogen interactions, collaborating with scientists worldwide to translate her findings into clinical solutions.

Indian Scientist | Lalita Ramakrishnan | Global Indian

Beyond TB, Lalita has used zebrafish to study leprosy, uncovering how the bacteria cause nerve damage. Her insights have broad implications for infectious diseases and human biology. “The TB bacterium has evolved with us; understanding it helps us understand ourselves,” she reflected.

Addressing public health misconceptions

One of Lalita’s most important contributions was challenging the long-held belief that a third of the world’s population has latent TB. Her research showed that most people clear the bacteria within two years, proving that latent TB isn’t a lifelong condition as previously thought. “The realisation that the true number of latent cases is much lower makes the problem more solvable,” she explained.

This discovery has major public health benefits. Instead of focusing on an overestimated number of latent cases, resources can now be directed to recent infections and vulnerable groups. “If you think a quarter of the world is infected, the challenge feels insurmountable,” Lalita said. Her findings have even influenced the World Health Organization, helping to reshape global TB strategies. Lalita’s willingness to challenge established ideas has not only transformed TB research but also inspired a new generation of scientists to think critically and creatively.

Indian Scientist | Lalita Ramakrishnan | Global Indian

Life beyond the lab

Outside the lab, Lalita finds joy in cycling, cooking, and spending time with friends and family. Her global network of collaborators and former students testifies to the relationships she has built throughout her career. “Science is a team effort,” she said, “and it’s the people I’ve worked with who have made this journey so fulfilling.”

Despite her busy schedule, Lalita Ramakrishnan remains grounded, finding balance through hobbies and outdoor activities. Her love for cycling has not only kept her physically active but also allowed her to form friendships outside her professional sphere. “It’s a great way to stay connected with the world beyond science,” she shared.

A legacy of curiosity and impact

Lalita Ramakrishnan's journey has redefined TB research and inspired countless scientists. As she continues to probe the mysteries of TB, she remains hopeful about the future. “Understanding TB is not just about solving a medical problem; it’s about understanding ourselves,” she said.

Indian Scientist | Robert Koch Prize Winner | Global Indian

Through her pioneering work, Lalita Ramakrishnan has changed the narrative of TB, and  illuminated a path for tackling the world’s most pressing health challenges. Her story highlights the enduring impact of science driven by compassion and curiosity. As an Indian researcher contributing significantly to global science, Lalita’s accomplishments also highlights the vital role of women in STEM, inspiring others to break barriers and pursue transformative research that benefits humanity.

Reading Time: 5 mins

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Sandhya Devanathan: The VP leading Meta to “power India’s decade”

(August 30, 2024) In November 2022, as India began driving tougher regulatory policies for social media companies, Sandhya Devanathan was appointed Vice President Meta India. Only two weeks prior, the former VP, Ajit Mohan, had resigned from his post, causing a stir. Sandhya has a proven track record of scaling businesses, building exceptional and inclusive teams, driving product innovation and building strong partnerships," Meta's Chief Business Officer Marne Levine said, commenting on the appointment. This year, she was named one of the Most Powerful Women in Business 2024 by Fortune Magazine, and brings 22 years of experience in banking, payments and technology. Within one year of her appointment, Meta saw a 16% increase in global revenue, and a 69% rise in net income. AI, messaging and creator empowerment have been the focus areas for Meta in the last year. "Meta and its AI suite of products can turbocharge this transformation," Devanathan told Fortune India. Who is Sandhya Devanathan Devanathan graduated with a BTech degree from the Andhra University College of Engineering, Vishakhapatnam, in 1998, completed her MBA at the Faculty of Management Studies and attended a course in leadership from Said Business School, Oxford University. She began her career in

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hool, Oxford University. She began her career in 2000, as Webmaster & Product Manager, Citibank Online, e-Business.

[caption id="attachment_32372" align="aligncenter" width="640"]Sandhya Devanathan Sandhya Devanathan, Vice President, Meta India[/caption]

With an international career spanning over two decades, Sandhya Devanathan doesn't come with the usual set of tech credentials. Instead, the graduate from the Faculty of Management Studies in New Delhi, Devanathan pivoted from banking to technology in 2015, after having spent nearly a decade at Citi and another six years with Standard Chartered Bank. In 2016, she joined Meta, going on to play a key role in building its presence in Singapore and Vietnam, apart from working on the company's e-commerce initiatives in South East Asia.

Teething troubles

She calls the move one of the hardest things she's ever done, in terms of learning how to adapt. The strict hierarchies of the banking sector gave way to a more egalitarian, empowered atmosphere, where the emphasis lay on having a "shared vision, purpose and sense of community," she wrote, in a 2020 blog post for Meta Careers. "When it came to banking, I knew the industry really well. I knew about fintech, but Meta and the digital consumer tech landscape were brand new to me. I faced a steep learning curve managing teams that function very differently from traditional companies."

In 2020, Devanathan moved to Indonesia, where she headed Meta's gaming vertical in the A-Pac region and is the global lead for Play Forward, Meta's bid to improve diversity in gaming. Soon afterwards, the pandemic hit and the job market, Devanathan recalls, was transformed. People started onboarding remotely and she had to come to terms with the process, on being unable to establish an in-person rapport with teammates and managers.

Sandhya Devanathan

Leading in a new world

"Leading through change must start from a place of empathy," she wrote. "Everyone is going through something. Leaders must also have the humility to understand that we are constantly in learning mode because there is so much change happening around us." Reviving the old sense of light-hearted togetherness, she realised, was key, now that there were no more water-cooler gatherings and coffee-break tete-a-tetes.

Skills in demand today

The ability to deal with ambiguity, Devanathan believes, is key. Independence and the ability to adjust to change can make all the difference. Communication and collaboration, she writes, are critical, more so as people work remotely and don't often meet in person. The third skill in Devanathan's book is resilience. Variables are infinite, from employees stepping back to deal with personal challenges, to the collapse of economies. "You live in markets in Asia that are vibrant but also somewhat volatile, so having resilience is very important."

An analytical mind that can strategise and plan in an uncertain world is an essential hard skill to be at a company like Meta. "We look for people who are able to set a strong strategy but setting strategy is useless if you can't break it down into what needs to be done today and what needs to play out longer term."

Troubled waters

Devanathan takes over Meta India at a stormy time in the company's India story. With the current administration tightening regulations for big tech, there is lots to navigate. The company is pulling out all the stops to woo Indian developers and creative talent and pledged $1 million for an extended reality fellowship programme in India.

Meta's Chief Business Officer, Nick Clegg has said that the revised version of the Digital Personal Data Protection Bill is "really promising." Clegg noted that India is on its way to becoming a digital superpower. India is a key market for Meta India, with over half a billion Indians using its services, forming one of the company's largest markets.

In this atmosphere, Devanathan's priorities will be on bringing business and revenue priorities to partners and clients.

  • Follow Sandhya Devanathan on LinkedIn
Story
The pioneering Parsi adventurers: Indian cyclists who conquered the world

From rugged mountains to bustling cities and serene countryside, cyclists have been embarking on daring expeditions, experiencing the world in a unique and exhilarating way. With each turn of the pedal, they weave through diverse landscapes, discovering hidden gems, and immersing themselves in the beauty of nature and culture. This World Bicycle Day, Global Indian brings you the story of Parsi cyclists who were the pioneers in adventure in India. (June 3, 2023) It was a regular Monday for many Bombaywallas on October 15, 1923, but not so for the Bombay Weightlifting Club which organised a send-off for six of its young members — Adi B Hakim, Gustad G Hathiram, Jal P Bapasola, Keki D Pochkhanawala, Nariman B Kapadia and Rustom B Bhumgara - ready for their first cycling expedition across the globe. In two groups of three, these young Parsi lads left to pursue their dream of travelling the world - something that was unheard of in India at that time. It was this novelty which intrigued these Parsi men. Three years before taking the leap of faith, they had huddled together at Bombay's Oval Maidan in 1920 for a public lecture by a Frenchman who had walked from

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Frenchman who had walked from Europe to India. Inspired by the travels of the Frenchman, they were determined to embark on their extraordinary journey that took them through Punjab, Balochistan, the Middle East, Europe, the United States, Japan, and South East Asia. It wasn't just the curiosity to explore but the desire to tell the world about India that pushed these men to pedal hard.

In the Bombay of the 1920s, India was reeling under the British Raj and the freedom struggle was slowly gaining momentum in the country. This was the climate in which these seven young Parsi men longed for freedom and adventure – but not without purpose. The daring and intrepid explorers were keen to put India on the global map by pedalling across the world, traversing Amazon rainforests, the Sahara desert and war-torn countries. Driven by their innate curiosity and armed with newly-introduced Kodak film cameras, they embarked on an extraordinary journey. Between 1923 and 1942, they set off on the first-ever expedition by Indian cyclists, putting India on the global map of adventure travellers.

[caption id="attachment_39555" align="aligncenter" width="494"]Parsi Cyclists | Global Indian Adi Hakim, Jal Bapasola and Rustom Bhumgara in Ooty.[/caption]

Scripting history - one pedal at a time

Armed with crude copies of a map, a compass, some layers of clothing, a medicine box, cycle gear, and some money from their savings, these men took off on their adventure on British Royal Benson cycles fitted with Dunlop tyres, however, without letting their families get a whiff of their plans. Fearing opposition, they left quietly. In fact, one family only found out about the world expedition when the men had reached Persia. The journey made these men the first Indian eyewitnesses of strife-torn Africa, the ravages of wars in Europe, and America's Great Depression.

Those long months on the road in extreme terrains and weather conditions weren't easy for these men. But they worked together as a team to keep their dream of exploring the world afloat. Bapasola, adept at reading the map, became the team's GPS on the journey while Bhumgara, an auto mechanic, helped repair cycles throughout the expedition.

Adventure in the unknown

After pedalling for months, of them, Nariman returned to India from Tehran owing to personal reasons, while Gustad decided to stay back in America after being enamoured by the country and its culture. However, the trio of Hakim, Bapasola and Bhumgara continued to pedal 71,000 km over four-and-a-half years across terrains. Some days they went without water and some days without food. Avoiding the sea, they took over some of the most difficult routes that no cyclists had undertaken before. "We wanted to know the world more intimately and to acquaint the world with India and Indians," they said years later. Their expedition had them cross the snow-covered Prospect Point in Ziarat which is 11,000 feet above sea-level to enter Iran and then move towards Baghdad. But it was the journey from Baghdad to Aleppo in Syria that was one of the most treacherous, as they braved sandstorms, parched throats, and temperatures over 57 degrees Celsius. In return, they set a record by crossing the 956 km Mesopotamian desert in just 23 days.

Parsi cyclists | Global Indian

They later sailed to Italy and rode across Europe to reach Britain, and then left for America in the next three weeks, where they cycled 8,400-km across the East to West Coast over five months. Tired, they took the much-needed break when they boarded the cruise to Japan after months of gruelling. Keeping up with their adventure streak, they became the first bikers to reach the 'Hermit Kingdom' of Korea and then moved along China. The last leg of their expedition included cycling through Cambodia, Vietnam, Thailand, and Burma before entering North East India and reaching Mumbai in the March of 1928, where they were received amid applause and garlands.

Their adventures were later inked forever when the trio published With Cyclists Around The World in 1931, which had a foreword by Jawaharlal Nehru. "I envy the young men who have made the book. I too have some of the red blood which seeks adventure; something of the wanderlust that even drives one forward. But fate and circumstances have prevented from satisfying it in the ordinary way – I seek adventure in other ways," he wrote.

Lost and found

But over the decades, their story was lost, until Anoop Babani, a cyclist and former journalist, came across the book in 2017, and upon research found that there were three groups of Parsi men, who over two decades, travelled across the globe. His wife, writer-painter Savia Viegasa, dug deep into their stories as the duo contacted the families of these unsung heroes, and even curated a photo exhibition on the cyclists in 2019 titled Our Saddles, Our Butts, Their World. She realised that the Parsis were the closest to the British, they often took up many allied activities that the British did in India, including love for exploration and adventure. That's one of the reasons that they were the first ones to take on the world expedition, followed by the desire to carry the name of Mother India to far-flung areas.

Parsi cyclists | Global Indian

Inspiring a new generation

Babani found that the cycle expedition trio inspired Framroze Davar, a Parsi sports journalist from Bombay, to set off on a solo cycle voyage. It was after nine months on the road that he reached Vienna where he met Gustav Sztavjanik, an Austrian cyclist, who was so impressed by his journey that he decided to join him, and the two explored the world for the next seven years.

[caption id="attachment_39556" align="aligncenter" width="427"]Parsi cyclists | Global Indian Framroze Davar at Sahara desert[/caption]

"Theirs was the longest, toughest, and most adventurous journey," Babani told Scroll. From pedalling in the Sahara desert and Amazon forests to riding over the Alps and parts of the Soviet Union, the duo braved sandstorms, snow, and the worst weather conditions. At times, the terrain was so thorny that they had to stuff grass in the tyres to push them across. En route, they even contracted malaria. However, it was the ride through the thick forest of the Amazon that was the most challenging part of their journey. "It was their first such trip ever from the West coast to the East coast of South America and took them about nine months,” wrote Austrian author Hermann Härtel in a book on Sztavjanik, adding, "This was uncharted territory and very dangerous. Many explorers before them never made it back out again."

Davar, who covered 52 countries and five continents, ended up penning three books on his travels - Cycling Over Roof Of The World, Across The Sahara and The Amazon in Reality and Romance. According to Scroll, these adventurous stories inspired another group of Parsi men Keki Kharas, Rustam Ghandhi, and Rutton Shroff to cycle the world in 1933. They too covered five continents and 84,000 kilometers, and ended up chronicling their adventures in two books: Pedaling Through The Afghan Wilds and Across The Highways Of The World, where they wrote extensively about being days in a desert in Afghanistan without food and water and were suspected British spies in eastern Turkey.

[caption id="attachment_39554" align="aligncenter" width="715"]Parsi Cyclists | Global Indian Keki Kharas, Rustam Ghandhi and Rutton Shroff in New York[/caption]

These Indian cyclists were not just keen to see the world but also acted as nothing short of brand ambassadors of India at a time when not many dared to take the path unknown. "It has a lot of relevance because sports history is going to become a part of academics. [It also serves as inspiration] for younger people. These cyclists went through such hardships; they made themselves into some kind of superhuman machines, travelling with cycles that did not have the wherewithal to go through the desert heat, for example [they stuffed it with straw to make the tyres last].” These Parsis not only put India on the global map but also showcased the power of human curiosity, resilience, and the transformative potential of travel.

Reading Time: 6 min

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Queen Elizabeth II: The 50-year connection with India

(September 10, 2022) Queen Elizabeth II is the world's most iconic monarch and with her passing on September 8, 2022, she will always be remembered for being the picture of grace, dignity and poise in good times and bad, through gain and loss alike. In 1947, when she married her longtime love, she received two gifts. One, was the now famous Cartier tiara and a diamond necklace of her choice. The other, a handwoven handkerchief from Mahatma Gandhi, which she always cherished, even showing them to Prime Minister Narendra  Modi when they met. Prime Minister Modi recalled this gift in his condolence tweet, mentioning his meetings with the Queen during his UK visits in 2015 and 2018, saying, he will "never forget her warmth and kindness." Global Indian takes a look at her three state visits to India, in 1961, 1983 and 1997. Each time, she was moved by the "warmth and hospitality" she received every time. In one of her addresses, she said, "The warmth and hospitality of the Indian people, and the richness and diversity of India itself have been an inspiration to all of us."   [caption id="attachment_29198" align="aligncenter" width="672"] Queen Elizabeth II with PM Narendra Modi.

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[caption id="attachment_29198" align="aligncenter" width="672"] Queen Elizabeth II with PM Narendra Modi. Photo: Twitter[/caption]

1961: Tiger hunts, elephant rides and Republic Day at Rajpath

The royal couple's first visit to India was in 1961, on the invitation of then President of India, Dr Rajendra Prasad. People lined the streets, climbed to rooftops and sat in balconies, hoping for a glimpse of Her Majesty. Fifty years had passed since the last British royal visit - her grandfather, King George V, who came to India in 1911, had been the last monarch to do so.

Queen Elizabeth and the Duke of Edinburgh were the guests of honour at the Republic Day celebrations at Rajpath, in Delhi. Thousands gathered at Ramlila Grounds as the Queen, dressed in a fur coat and hat, made her address. In that Delhi leg of the tour, she visited Mahatma Gandhi's memorial at Rajghat, offering a ceremonial wreath and even leaving a note in the visitor's book, a rare gesture for the Monarch, who is accustomed to simply signing her name. She also inaugurated the All-India Institute of Medical Sciences building, along with then president Dr Rajendra Prasad.

 

[caption id="attachment_29204" align="aligncenter" width="363"] The Queen with former Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru at the Republic Day Parade, 1963[/caption]

 

The royal couple toured India's historical sites, coming to Agra, where they saw the Taj Mahal and travelling to also came to Mumbai, Bengaluru, Chennai and Kolkata. The erstwhile Maharaja of Benares extended his hospitality to the royal couple, who rode through the streets atop a bejewelled elephant. In Udaipur, they were greeted by Maharajana Bhagwat Singh, who arrived to meet his guests with a grand entourage of over 50 noblemen. The Prince of Jaipur organised a tiger hunt. The souvenirs from the trip included an artistic model of Qutub Minar for Her Majesty and a silver candelabra for the Duke of Edinburgh.

 

[caption id="attachment_29200" align="aligncenter" width="379"] Atop an elephant in Benares[/caption]

[caption id="attachment_29201" align="aligncenter" width="582"] After the controversial tiger hunt in Jaipur[/caption]

1983: Meeting with Mother Teresa

That year, the Queen's visit was in time for the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting, at the invitation of President Giani Zail Singh. The couple stayed at the refurbished wing of the Rashtrapati Bhavan. It also marked her now famous meeting with Mother Teresa, whom she presented with an honorary Order of the Merit.

1997: The controversy in Amritsar, MGR City, Kamal Haasan and MGR Film City

The Queen's final state visit to India was one of controversy. In a rare departure from her trademark diplomacy, Queen Elizabeth II, in her banquet address, made a reference to one of the "difficult episodes of colonial history:" the 1919 Jallianwala Bagh Massacre. She and her husband even visited the site in Amritsar to place a wreath, a bold move, as protests had erupted across the country and there were widespread demands for an apology.

It wasn't all about macabre memories, though. In October 1997, Tamil actor Kamal Hassan was in the midst of one of his most ambitious projects, Marudhanayagam. The Queen, who was in the country then, attended the launch of the film as the chief guest. The event took place in Chennai, at MGR Film City. She also visited the sets and watched a short battle scene, which had alone cost ₹1.5 crore. The Queen spent time with Kamal Haasan and his now ex-wife Saarika, as well as with long-time Tamil Nadu Chief Minister M Karunanidhi. Incidentally, the film was shelved when a major funder backed out.

 

[caption id="attachment_29203" align="aligncenter" width="369"] Her Majesty with Kamal Haasan during the shooting of Marudhanayagam[/caption]

 

The Queen has hosted three Indian Presidents - Dr Radhakrishnan in 1963, N Venkataraman in 1990 and Pratibha Patil in 2009.

 

Reading Time: 5 min

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About Global Indian

Global Indian – a Hero’s Journey is an online publication which showcases the journeys of Indians who went abroad and have had an impact on India. 

These journeys are meant to inspire and motivate the youth to aspire to go beyond where they were born in a spirit of adventure and discovery and return home with news ideas, capital or network that has an impact in some way for India.

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